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A quantity of water is completely converted into steam by boiling.
- a)This is a second order phase transition
- b)At the boiling point the chemical potential in the vapour phase is less than that in the liquid phase.
- c)The boiling temperature would increase if the boiling were done under increased pressure
- d)The entropy of the steam is greater than that of the water.
Correct answer is option 'A,B,C,D'. Can you explain this answer?
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A quantity of water is completely converted into steam by boiling.a)Th...
When water is boiling then it is completely converted in to steam. It is second order phase transition and we know at boiling point, the chemical potential in the vapour phase is less than that in liquid phase we know for specially water if pressure is increased than boiling temp would also increase and entropy of steam is greater than that of water Because disordered of molecules are increase when temp is rise.
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A quantity of water is completely converted into steam by boiling.a)Th...
Phase Transition:
A phase transition refers to a change in the physical state of a substance, such as from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas, without any change in its chemical composition. It is characterized by a discontinuity in properties such as density, volume, and entropy.
Explanation of options:
a) Second Order Phase Transition:
A second order phase transition is one where the order parameter, which represents the property that changes during the transition, exhibits continuous changes. In the case of water boiling, the transition from liquid to steam involves a continuous change in the density, volume, and entropy of the system. Therefore, it is a second order phase transition.
b) Chemical Potential:
Chemical potential is a thermodynamic concept that represents the tendency of a substance to undergo a change in its composition. In the case of water boiling, the chemical potential in the vapor phase is lower than that in the liquid phase. This is because the vapor phase has a higher entropy and lower density, resulting in a lower chemical potential.
c) Effect of Pressure on Boiling Temperature:
According to the phase diagram of water, the boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, increasing the pressure on the system will increase the boiling temperature. This is because a higher pressure is required to overcome the external pressure and allow the liquid to change into the vapor phase.
d) Entropy of Steam vs Water:
Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. The entropy of a substance generally increases with increasing temperature and decreasing density. In the case of water boiling, the entropy of the steam is greater than that of the water. This is because the steam phase has a higher degree of disorder and randomness compared to the liquid phase.
Conclusion:
In summary, when water boils and converts into steam, it undergoes a second order phase transition. The chemical potential in the vapor phase is lower than that in the liquid phase. The boiling temperature would increase if the boiling were done under increased pressure. Lastly, the entropy of the steam is greater than that of the water.
A phase transition refers to a change in the physical state of a substance, such as from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas, without any change in its chemical composition. It is characterized by a discontinuity in properties such as density, volume, and entropy.
Explanation of options:
a) Second Order Phase Transition:
A second order phase transition is one where the order parameter, which represents the property that changes during the transition, exhibits continuous changes. In the case of water boiling, the transition from liquid to steam involves a continuous change in the density, volume, and entropy of the system. Therefore, it is a second order phase transition.
b) Chemical Potential:
Chemical potential is a thermodynamic concept that represents the tendency of a substance to undergo a change in its composition. In the case of water boiling, the chemical potential in the vapor phase is lower than that in the liquid phase. This is because the vapor phase has a higher entropy and lower density, resulting in a lower chemical potential.
c) Effect of Pressure on Boiling Temperature:
According to the phase diagram of water, the boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure. Therefore, increasing the pressure on the system will increase the boiling temperature. This is because a higher pressure is required to overcome the external pressure and allow the liquid to change into the vapor phase.
d) Entropy of Steam vs Water:
Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. The entropy of a substance generally increases with increasing temperature and decreasing density. In the case of water boiling, the entropy of the steam is greater than that of the water. This is because the steam phase has a higher degree of disorder and randomness compared to the liquid phase.
Conclusion:
In summary, when water boils and converts into steam, it undergoes a second order phase transition. The chemical potential in the vapor phase is lower than that in the liquid phase. The boiling temperature would increase if the boiling were done under increased pressure. Lastly, the entropy of the steam is greater than that of the water.
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A quantity of water is completely converted into steam by boiling.a)This is a second order phase transitionb)At the boiling point the chemical potential in the vapour phase is less than that in the liquid phase.c)The boiling temperature would increase if the boiling were done under increased pressured)The entropy of the steam is greater than that of the water.Correct answer is option 'A,B,C,D'. Can you explain this answer?
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