Consider a 2-way set associative cache memory with 4 sets and total 8 ...
2-way set associative cache memory, .i.e K = 2.
No of sets is given as 4, i.e. S = 4 ( numbered 0 - 3 )
No of blocks in cache memory is given as 8, i.e. N =8 ( numbered from 0 -7)
Each set in cache memory contains 2 blocks.
The number of blocks in the main memory is 128, i.e M = 128. ( numbered from 0 -127)
A referred block numbered X of the main memory is placed in the set numbered ( X mod S ) of the the cache memory. In that set, the
block can be placed at any location, but if the set has already become full, then the current referred block of the main memory should replace a block in that set according to some replacement policy. Here the replacement policy is LRU ( i.e. Least Recently Used block should be replaced with currently referred block).
X ( Referred block no ) and
the corresponding Set values are as follows:
X-->set no ( X mod 4 )
0--->0 ( block 0 is placed in set 0, set 0 has 2 empty block locations,
block 0 is placed in any one of them )
5--->1 ( block 5 is placed in set 1, set 1 has 2 empty block locations,
block 5 is placed in any one of them )
3--->3 ( block 3 is placed in set 3, set 3 has 2 empty block locations,
block 3 is placed in any one of them )
9--->1 ( block 9 is placed in set 1, set 1 has currently 1 empty block location,
block 9 is placed in that, now set 1 is full, and block 5 is the
least recently used block )
7--->3 ( block 7 is placed in set 3, set 3 has 1 empty block location,
block 7 is placed in that, set 3 is full now,
and block 3 is the least recently used block)
0--->block 0 is referred again, and it is present in the cache memory in set 0,
so no need to put again this block into the cache memory.
16--->0 ( block 16 is placed in set 0, set 0 has 1 empty block location,
block 0 is placed in that, set 0 is full now, and block 0 is the LRU one)
55--->3 ( block 55 should be placed in set 3, but set 3 is full with block 3 and 7,
hence need to replace one block with block 55, as block 3 is the least
recently used block in the set 3, it is replaced with block 55.
Hence the main memory blocks present in the cache memory are : 0, 5, 7, 9, 16, 55 .
(Note: block 3 is not present in the cache memory, it was replaced with block 55 )