Jawaharlal Nehru presided over the split of the All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) in 1929. The AITUC was formed in 1920 with the aim of bringing together various trade unions across India to fight for the rights and welfare of workers.

The split in the AITUC occurred during its fifth session, which was held in Nagpur in 1929. The split was primarily a result of ideological differences between the moderates and the radicals within the organization. The moderates, led by V.V. Giri, advocated for a more conciliatory approach towards the British government and employers, while the radicals, led by Nehru, believed in a more militant and revolutionary approach.

Jawaharlal Nehru, who was a prominent leader of the Indian National Congress and later became the first Prime Minister of India, presided over the session and played a crucial role in the split. As a radical leader, Nehru was a strong advocate for workers' rights and believed in the power of unions to bring about social and economic change.

During the session, the differences between the moderates and the radicals became increasingly apparent. The radicals criticized the moderates for their lack of revolutionary spirit and their willingness to compromise with the British government and employers. Nehru, in his presidential address, called for a more aggressive and militant approach to fighting for workers' rights.

The split resulted in the formation of two separate trade union organizations: the Indian Trade Union Federation (ITUF), led by V.V. Giri, and the Red Trade Union Congress (RTUC), led by Jawaharlal Nehru. The ITUF remained committed to a more moderate and conciliatory approach, while the RTUC adopted a more radical and revolutionary stance.

The split in the AITUC had a significant impact on the trade union movement in India. It reflected the larger ideological divisions within the Indian nationalist movement and highlighted the growing influence of radical and socialist ideas among the working class. The formation of the ITUF and the RTUC marked a shift towards more militant and revolutionary trade unionism in India.