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Which one of the following is an outer orbital complex and exhibits paramagnetic behaviour?
  • a)
    [Cr(NH3)6]3+
  • b)
    [Co(NH3)6]3+
  • c)
    [Ni(NH3)6]2+
  • d)
    [Zn(NH3)6]2+
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Outer Orbital Complex and Paramagnetic Behaviour

Outer orbital complex is a type of coordination complex in which the metal ion utilizes its outermost d-orbitals to form coordination bonds with the ligands. These complexes have a high-spin configuration and exhibit paramagnetic behaviour due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the outer d-orbitals.

Explanation of options

a) [Cr(NH3)6]3: This is an inner orbital complex since the Cr(III) ion has a d3 electronic configuration, which leads to the formation of low-spin complexes. Also, all the electrons are paired, so it exhibits diamagnetic behaviour.

b) [Co(NH3)6]3: This is also an inner orbital complex since the Co(III) ion has a d6 electronic configuration, which leads to the formation of low-spin complexes. Also, all the electrons are paired, so it exhibits diamagnetic behaviour.

c) [Ni(NH3)6]2: This complex has a Ni(II) ion with a d8 electronic configuration. Since it is an outer orbital complex, it has unpaired electrons in the outer d-orbitals and exhibits paramagnetic behaviour.

d) [Zn(NH3)6]2: This is not a coordination complex since the Zn(II) ion does not have any d-electrons. Therefore, it does not exhibit any paramagnetic or diamagnetic behaviour.

Conclusion

The correct answer is option C, [Ni(NH3)6]2, which is an outer orbital complex and exhibits paramagnetic behaviour due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the outer d-orbitals.
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