The height of the mountain ranges in Ladakh region prevent the cold desert from the crossing of the clouds, that's why there is low rainfall in Ladakh.

Introduction:
Ladakh is a region located in the northernmost part of India, nestled in the Himalayas. It is known for its unique geography, which includes high altitude deserts and barren landscapes. Ladakh experiences very little rainfall throughout the year, and this can be attributed to several factors.

High altitude and rain shadow effect:
- Ladakh is situated at a high altitude, with an average elevation of around 11,500 feet. This high altitude contributes to the region's aridity as it affects the distribution of atmospheric pressure and temperature.
- The Himalayas act as a barrier, preventing the monsoon winds from reaching Ladakh. As a result, Ladakh lies in the rain shadow region, which is an area that receives significantly less rainfall due to the obstruction of moisture-laden winds.
- The rain shadow effect is caused by the orographic effect, where the mountains force the air to rise and cool, causing the moisture to condense and precipitate on the windward side. As the air descends on the leeward side, it becomes drier, resulting in less rainfall.

Topography and lack of vegetation:
- Ladakh's topography is characterized by rugged mountains, deep valleys, and high altitude plateaus. The absence of flat plains and low-lying areas limits the availability of water bodies, reducing the chances of moisture accumulation and subsequent rainfall.
- The region also lacks dense vegetation cover, which plays a crucial role in the process of evapotranspiration. Evapotranspiration is the combined process of evaporation from the land surface and transpiration from plants, which contributes to atmospheric moisture and precipitation. Without significant vegetation, Ladakh experiences reduced evapotranspiration, leading to less rainfall.

Cold desert climate:
- Ladakh falls under the cold desert climate zone, which is characterized by extremely low temperatures and sparse precipitation. The region experiences long, cold winters and short, cool summers. The cold temperatures inhibit the formation of clouds and limit the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, resulting in minimal rainfall.

Conclusion:
Ladakh's location in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, high altitude, rugged topography, and lack of vegetation are the primary reasons why it receives very little rainfall. These factors contribute to the region's unique desert-like environment, making Ladakh a fascinating and distinct part of India's geography.