The alliance between Temujin (Genghis Khan) and Ong Khan during the 1180s and 1190s

During the 1180s and 1190s, Temujin, who would later become known as Genghis Khan, formed a crucial alliance with Ong Khan. This alliance played a significant role in the rise of Genghis Khan and the subsequent establishment of the Mongol Empire. The correct answer to the question is option 'D' - Ong Khan.

Background
Before delving into the alliance itself, it is important to understand the historical context in which it took place. During this period, the Mongolian steppe was divided into numerous rival tribes and clans, each vying for power and dominance. Temujin, a charismatic and ambitious leader, sought to unite the Mongol tribes under his leadership in order to create a powerful and unified force.

The Rise of Genghis Khan
1. Temujin's Early Years: Temujin faced numerous challenges and obstacles in his early years. He was born into the Borjigin clan, but his tribe was relatively weak compared to others such as the Merkits and the Naimans.
2. Formation of the Alliance: Ong Khan, also known as Wang Khan, was the leader of the Kerait tribe, a powerful and influential tribe in the region. Recognizing the potential of Temujin, Ong Khan formed an alliance with him.
3. Military Support: Ong Khan provided Temujin with crucial military support, including troops and resources. This support was instrumental in Temujin's early military campaigns and conquests.
4. Shared Objectives: Both Temujin and Ong Khan had a common enemy - the Naiman tribe. By joining forces, they were able to effectively combat this powerful enemy and expand their territories.
5. Strategic Marriages: To solidify the alliance, Temujin and his followers married into the Kerait tribe. Temujin himself married Ong Khan's daughter, Börte, further strengthening the relationship between the two leaders.

The Legacy of the Alliance
The alliance between Temujin and Ong Khan proved to be a turning point in Mongol history. It provided Temujin with the necessary resources, military support, and political legitimacy to establish himself as the supreme leader of the Mongols. With Ong Khan's assistance, Temujin was able to defeat the Naimans and other rival tribes, gradually expanding his influence and power.

In conclusion, the alliance between Temujin (Genghis Khan) and Ong Khan during the 1180s and 1190s was a crucial partnership that played a significant role in the rise of Genghis Khan and the establishment of the Mongol Empire. Ong Khan's military support, strategic alliances through marriages, and shared objectives against common enemies were key factors in solidifying this alliance and contributing to Genghis Khan's eventual success.