Nepal is the correct answer as it is a landlocked country in South Asia with a history of Maoist guerrilla warfare. Let's delve into the details to understand why Nepal fits this description.

The Geography of Nepal:
Nepal is located in the Himalayas and is bordered by two large countries, India to the south, east, and west, and China (Tibet) to the north. Due to its location, Nepal is entirely landlocked, meaning it does not have direct access to any ocean or sea.

Maoist Guerrilla Warfare in Nepal:
From 1996 to 2006, Nepal experienced a decade-long Maoist insurgency led by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist). The Maoists aimed to overthrow the monarchy and establish a communist regime in the country. They launched a guerrilla warfare campaign against the government, conducting various attacks, including ambushes, bombings, and assassinations.

The insurgency was marked by intense fighting in rural areas, particularly in the western part of the country. The Maoists gained control over large swathes of territory and established "liberated zones" where they implemented their own laws and governance systems.

Peace Process and Political Transition:
The Maoist insurgency eventually led to a peace process and political transition in Nepal. In 2006, a Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed between the government and the Maoists, ending the armed conflict. The monarchy was abolished, and Nepal became a federal democratic republic.

The Maoists participated in the political process and emerged as a major political force. In 2008, they won the largest number of seats in the Constituent Assembly elections and formed a coalition government. However, their political influence has fluctuated over the years, and they have faced internal divisions and ideological struggles.

Current Situation:
Nepal continues to face political challenges and socio-economic issues. The country has undergone several changes in its governance structure, including the adoption of a new constitution in 2015. However, there is still ongoing debate and disagreement over certain provisions of the constitution, leading to occasional political tensions and protests.

In recent years, Nepal has been focusing on economic development and attracting foreign investment. It is known for its natural beauty, including the famous Mount Everest, and its rich cultural heritage, making it a popular tourist destination.

In conclusion, Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia that experienced a Maoist guerrilla insurgency from 1996 to 2006. The Maoists aimed to overthrow the monarchy and establish a communist regime. The insurgency ended with a peace process and political transition, and Nepal is now a federal democratic republic. However, the country continues to face political challenges and is working towards economic development.