Aniline [(bp)457k] can be purified by steam distillation since it boils at a temperature of 371.5k in the presence of steam. Therefore, option 'B'is the correct answer.

Purification of Aniline by Steam Distillation

Aniline is a primary aromatic amine that is used as a precursor to many organic compounds. It is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a characteristic odor. Aniline is usually purified by steam distillation. The process of purification involves the following steps:

1. Steam Distillation: Aniline is first mixed with water in a distillation flask. The mixture is then heated under reflux with a condenser. The steam distillation process helps to separate aniline from any impurities that may be present.

2. Separation: The mixture is then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The aniline layer is then separated from the water layer using a separating funnel.

3. Drying: The aniline layer is then treated with anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove any remaining water.

4. Fractional Distillation: The aniline is then subjected to fractional distillation to remove any impurities that may still be present. The process involves heating the aniline to its boiling point and collecting the pure aniline in a receiving flask.

Advantages of Steam Distillation

1. Effective: Steam distillation is an effective method for purifying aniline. It helps to remove impurities that may be present in the compound.

2. Safe: Steam distillation is a safe method for purifying aniline. It does not involve the use of any harmful chemicals.

3. Easy to perform: Steam distillation is an easy method for purifying aniline. It does not require any complex equipment or processes.

Conclusion

Aniline is an important compound that is used as a precursor to many organic compounds. It is usually purified by steam distillation. The process of purification involves steam distillation, separation, drying, and fractional distillation. Steam distillation is an effective, safe, and easy method for purifying aniline.