Panchamas in the caste system were considered as Untouchables.

The caste system in India is a social stratification system that has existed for thousands of years. It categorizes people into different castes based on their birth, occupation, and social status. The system is hierarchical, with each caste having its own set of rights, privileges, and restrictions.

The Panchamas, also known as the Dalits or Scheduled Castes, are considered the lowest and most marginalized group in the caste system. They have historically faced severe social and economic discrimination, exclusion, and oppression.

Untouchables:
- The Panchamas were considered as Untouchables in the caste system.
- This term implies that they were considered impure and polluted, making their touch or proximity unacceptable to higher castes.
- They were often subjected to extreme social ostracism and were not allowed to enter temples, schools, or other public places.
- The touch of an Untouchable was believed to contaminate higher castes, and they were treated as outcasts.

Occupation and Social Status:
- The Panchamas were traditionally engaged in occupations that were considered impure and degrading, such as manual scavenging, leatherwork, and sanitation.
- Their occupation further reinforced their low social status and discrimination.
- They were denied access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities, which perpetuated their marginalization.

Discrimination and Oppression:
- Panchamas faced various forms of discrimination and oppression throughout history.
- They were subjected to physical and verbal abuse, sexual violence, and forced labor.
- They lived in segregated settlements outside the main village, often facing restrictions on their movement and interaction with higher castes.
- Inter-caste marriages were strictly prohibited, and those who violated the norms faced severe consequences.

Legal Protection and Social Reform:
- In independent India, the Constitution recognized the rights of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, including the Panchamas.
- Affirmative action policies were introduced to promote their social, educational, and economic upliftment.
- Several social reform movements, led by prominent leaders like B.R. Ambedkar, aimed to challenge the caste system and fight for the rights of the Panchamas.

Conclusion:
The Panchamas, also known as Untouchables, were considered the lowest caste in the Indian caste system. They faced severe discrimination, exclusion, and oppression based on their birth and occupation. However, efforts have been made to address their social and economic inequality and promote their rights and well-being.