The minimum age of voting in a country refers to the age at which individuals are legally allowed to participate in the electoral process by casting their votes in elections. Prior to 1989, the minimum voting age in many countries, including India, was 21 years. However, in 1989, the minimum voting age was lowered to 18 years.

Background:
Before understanding the reason behind the change in the minimum voting age, it is important to consider the historical context and factors that influenced this decision. In the early 20th century, most countries set the voting age at 21 years, as it was believed to be the age at which individuals attained maturity and were considered responsible citizens. However, over time, societal and political changes led to a reconsideration of this age requirement.

Global Movement for Lowering Voting Age:
One of the key factors that contributed to the change in the minimum voting age was the global movement advocating for a lower voting age. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was a growing recognition that young people should have a say in the political decisions that would shape their future. This movement gained momentum with the idea that if individuals were old enough to fight in wars or pay taxes, they should also have the right to vote.

The Indian Scenario:
In India, the demand for lowering the voting age gained prominence during the period of political unrest and student movements in the 1970s. The youth played a significant role in protesting against the government and demanding social and political reforms. As a result, there was a widespread belief that young people should be given the opportunity to participate in the electoral process.

The 61st Constitutional Amendment Act:
In response to these demands and changing global trends, the Indian government introduced the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act in 1989. This act lowered the voting age from 21 years to 18 years, granting millions of young Indians the right to vote. The amendment was passed by both houses of Parliament and received the necessary approval from the state legislatures.

Impact of Lowering the Voting Age:
The decision to lower the voting age had a significant impact on Indian democracy. It allowed a larger section of the population, particularly young people, to actively participate in the political process. It also reflected a recognition of the changing societal dynamics and the need to include the voices and perspectives of the younger generation in decision-making processes.

Overall, the minimum voting age of 21 years was changed to 18 years in India in 1989 through the 61st Constitutional Amendment Act. This change was influenced by global trends, demands for greater youth participation, and the recognition of young people's right to have a say in shaping their own future.