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Passage - 4
A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past 'millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous drop in biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.
On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :
1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.
2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.
3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience.
​Q. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    3 only
  • c)
    2 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey o...
Assumptions Made in the Passage

1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.
2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.
3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience.

Explanation

1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon: The passage mentions that the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago. This indicates that global warming has occurred in the past, but it does not suggest that it is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon. Therefore, assumption 1 is not valid.

2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals: The passage does not provide any evidence to support this assumption. In fact, it suggests that human-made changes to the environment have caused a decline in small mammal biomass and energy flow. Therefore, assumption 2 is not valid.

3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience: The passage clearly states that human-made changes to the environment have caused a decline in biomass and energy flow. This suggests that humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience. Therefore, assumption 3 is valid.

Conclusion

Out of the three assumptions made in the passage, only assumption 3 is valid. The passage does not provide any evidence to support assumptions 1 and 2. It is important to base assumptions on evidence and avoid making unfounded claims.
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Community Answer
Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey o...
Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earth's natural resilience. Humans over utilize the natural resources on the earth and prefer non-renewable sources, these sources are depleting on a large scale and will soon get extinct from Earth.
Thus the future generations can't utilize them.
Humans are responsible for global warming. This is due to excessive use of chlorofluro carbons (CFC's), the ozone layer is getting depleted day-by-day. Because of the small mammals get extinct from the Earth.
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Read the following passages and answer the items that follow. Your answer to the items should be based on the passage only. PASSAGEThe recent order of India’s competition regulator against Google for abusing its dominant position in the Android mobile device ecosystem is significant not just for the amount of penalty imposed but also for the drastic changes in business practices that it requires the IT giant to undertake. On Thursday, the Competition Commission of India imposed a penalty of about 1,337 crore, said to be a provisional amount, on Google, while coming down heavily on it for having such restrictive clauses in its agreements with original equipment manufacturers (who use its Android platform) that it can keep competition at bay. And because of such agreements, the order said, “Google ensured that users continue to use its search services on mobile devices which facilitated un-interrupted growth of advertisement revenue for Google.” It, therefore, concluded that the whole idea of Google imposing such restrictions on its device partners was to “protect and strengthen itsdominant position in general search services and thus, its revenues via search advertisements”. This decision, both the penalty and the regulator’s direction Google “to modify its conduct”, will be welcomed by anyone who realizes the power of the big IT platforms to shut out competition and, therefore, choice for the users. The followings assumptions are drawn from the above passage:I. Google India due to the recent orders of Competition Commission of India will pull out of India.II. Due to its dominant position Google India will not modify its behaviour.Which of the above assumption(s) is / are valid?

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Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for UPSC. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for UPSC Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Passage - 4A research team examined a long-term owl roost. Owls prey on small mammals and the excreted remains of those meals that accumulated over the time, provide us an insight into the composition and structure of small mammals over the past millennia. The research suggested that when the Earth went through a period of rapid warming about 13,000 years ago, the small mammal community was stable and resilient. But, from the last quarter of the nineteenth century, human-made changes to the environment had caused an enormous dropin biomass and energy flow. This dramatic decline in energy flow means modern ecosystems are not adapting as easily as they did in the past.On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :1. Global warming is a frequently occurring natural phenomenon.2. The impending global warming will not adversely affect small mammals.3. Humans are responsible for the loss of the Earths natural resilience.Q.Which of the above assumptions is/are valid ?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)2 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice UPSC tests.
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