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Passage – 4
A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors' returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.
Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.
2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companies'in future.
3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?
  • a)
    1 and 2 only
  • b)
    3 only
  • c)
    1 and 3 only
  • d)
    1, 2 and 3
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of gover...
Assumption 3 is definitely correct. So option (a) is ruled out. Assumption 2 is worded is a strange way – “economic growth of governments” does not sound right. So we reject it. So option (a) and (d) are gone. We are left with option (c) only.
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Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of gover...
A passage is a section or segment of text that is often longer than a sentence but shorter than a chapter or book. It can refer to any piece of writing, such as an essay, article, or book, and is often used to refer to a specific part of a larger work. Passages are typically written in paragraph form and contain a coherent and unified set of ideas that relate to a particular topic or theme. They can be informative, persuasive, descriptive, or narrative in nature, and are often used to convey a specific message or idea to the reader. Passages can be found in all types of literature and are an essential component of effective writing.
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Passage - 2Net profits are only 2.2% of their total assets for central public sector undertakings, lower than for the private corporate sector. While the public sector or the State-led entrepreneurship played an important role in triggering Indias industrialization, our evolving development needs, comparatively less-than-satisfactory performance of the public sector enterprises, the maturing of our private sector, a much larger social base now available for expanding entrepreneurship and the growing institutional capabilities to enforce competition policies would suggest that the time has come to review the role of public sector.What should the portfolio composition of the government be? It should not remain static all times. The airline industry works well as a purely private affair. At the opposite end, rural roads, whose sparse traffic makes tolling unviable, have to be on the balance-sheet of the State. If the government did not own rural roads, they would not exist.Similarly, public health capital in our towns and cities will need to come from the public sector. Equally, preservation and improvement of forest cover will have to be a new priority for the public sector assets.Take the example of steel. With near-zero tariffs, India is a globally competitive market for the metal. Indian firms export steel into the global market which demonstrates there is no gap in technology. Indian companies are buying up global steel companies, which shows there is no gap in capital availability. Under these conditions, private ownership works best.Private ownership is clearly desirable in regulated industries, ranging from, finance to infrastructure, where a government agency performs the function of regulation and multiple competing firms are located in the private sector. Here, the simple and clean solution - government as the umpire and the private sector as the players is what works best. In many of these industries, we have a legacy of government ownership, where productivity tends to be lower, fear of bankruptcy is absent, and the risk of asking for money from the tax payer is ever present. There is also the conflict of interest between government as an owner and as the regulator.The formulation and implementation of competition policy will be more vigorous and fair if government companies are out of action.Q.The author prefers government as the umpire and private sector as players because

Passage - 2Net profits are only 2.2% of their total assets for central public sector undertakings, lower than for the private corporate sector. While the public sector or the State-led entrepreneurship played an important role in triggering Indias industrialization, our evolving development needs, comparatively less-than-satisfactory performance of the public sector enterprises, the maturing of our private sector, a much larger social base now available for expanding entrepreneurship and the growing institutional capabilities to enforce competition policies would suggest that the time has come to review the role of public sector.What should the portfolio composition of the government be? It should not remain static all times. The airline industry works well as a purely private affair. At the opposite end, rural roads, whose sparse traffic makes tolling unviable, have to be on the balance-sheet of the State. If the government did not own rural roads, they would not exist.Similarly, public health capital in our towns and cities will need to come from the public sector. Equally, preservation and improvement of forest cover will have to be a new priority for the public sector assets.Take the example of steel. With near-zero tariffs, India is a globally competitive market for the metal. Indian firms export steel into the global market which demonstrates there is no gap in technology. Indian companies are buying up global steel companies, which shows there is no gap in capital availability. Under these conditions, private ownership works best.Private ownership is clearly desirable in regulated industries, ranging from, finance to infrastructure, where a government agency performs the function of regulation and multiple competing firms are located in the private sector. Here, the simple and clean solution - government as the umpire and the private sector as the players is what works best. In many of these industries, we have a legacy of government ownership, where productivity tends to be lower, fear of bankruptcy is absent, and the risk of asking for money from the tax payer is ever present. There is also the conflict of interest between government as an owner and as the regulator.The formulation and implementation of competition policy will be more vigorous and fair if government companies are out of action.Q.According to the passage, rural roads should be in the domain of public sector only. Why?

Passage - 2Net profits are only 2.2% of their total assets for central public sector undertakings, lower than for the private corporate sector. While the public sector or the State-led entrepreneurship played an important role in triggering Indias industrialization, our evolving development needs, comparatively less-than-satisfactory performance of the public sector enterprises, the maturing of our private sector, a much larger social base now available for expanding entrepreneurship and the growing institutional capabilities to enforce competition policies would suggest that the time has come to review the role of public sector.What should the portfolio composition of the government be? It should not remain static all times. The airline industry works well as a purely private affair. At the opposite end, rural roads, whose sparse traffic makes tolling unviable, have to be on the balance-sheet of the State. If the government did not own rural roads, they would not exist.Similarly, public health capital in our towns and cities will need to come from the public sector. Equally, preservation and improvement of forest cover will have to be a new priority for the public sector assets.Take the example of steel. With near-zero tariffs, India is a globally competitive market for the metal. Indian firms export steel into the global market which demonstrates there is no gap in technology. Indian companies are buying up global steel companies, which shows there is no gap in capital availability. Under these conditions, private ownership works best.Private ownership is clearly desirable in regulated industries, ranging from, finance to infrastructure, where a government agency performs the function of regulation and multiple competing firms are located in the private sector. Here, the simple and clean solution - government as the umpire and the private sector as the players is what works best. In many of these industries, we have a legacy of government ownership, where productivity tends to be lower, fear of bankruptcy is absent, and the risk of asking for money from the tax payer is ever present. There is also the conflict of interest between government as an owner and as the regulator.The formulation and implementation of competition policy will be more vigorous and fair if government companies are out of action.Q.The portfolio composition of the government refers to

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Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for UPSC. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for UPSC Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Passage – 4A changing climate, and the eventual efforts of governments (however reluctant) to deal with it, could have a big impact on investors returns. Companies that produce or use large amounts of fossil fuels will face higher taxes and regulatory burdens. Some energy producers may find it impossible to exploit their known reserves, and be left with "stranded assets" — deposits of oil and coal that have to be left in the ground. Other industries could be affected by the economic damage caused by more extreme weather — storms, floods, heat waves and droughts.Q. On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:1. Governments and companies need to be adequately prepared to face the climate change.2. Extreme weather events will reduce the economic growth of governments and companiesin future.3. Ignoring climate change is a huge risk for investors. Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?a)1 and 2 onlyb)3 onlyc)1 and 3 onlyd)1, 2 and 3Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice UPSC tests.
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