**Formation of Images by Spherical Mirrors**

Ray diagrams are used to understand how images are formed by spherical mirrors. There are two types of spherical mirrors: concave and convex.

**Concave Mirror**
1. **Object Beyond the Center of Curvature:** In this case, the image formed by a concave mirror is real, inverted, and located between the center of curvature (C) and the focus (F).
2. **Object at the Center of Curvature:** When the object is placed at the center of curvature, the image formed is real, inverted, and of the same size.
3. **Object Between the Center of Curvature and the Focus:** In this scenario, the image formed is real, inverted, and located beyond the center of curvature.
4. **Object at the Focus:** When the object is placed at the focus, the reflected rays become parallel and no image is formed.
5. **Object Between the Focus and the Mirror:** In this case, the image formed is virtual, erect, and magnified.

**Convex Mirror**
1. **Object Beyond the Center of Curvature:** The image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual, erect, and diminished in size.
2. **Object at Any Position:** The image formed by a convex mirror is always virtual, erect, and diminished in size.

**Formation of Images by Spherical Lenses**

Spherical lenses can be either concave or convex. The ray diagrams for formation of images by spherical lenses are similar to those of spherical mirrors.

**Concave Lens**
1. **Object Beyond the Focus:** In this case, the image formed by a concave lens is virtual, erect, and diminished in size.
2. **Object at the Focus:** When the object is placed at the focus, the reflected rays become parallel and no image is formed.
3. **Object Between the Focus and the Lens:** In this scenario, the image formed is virtual, erect, and magnified.
4. **Object Between the Lens and Optical Center:** The image formed is virtual, erect, and magnified.
5. **Object at the Optical Center:** When the object is placed at the optical center, the image formed is virtual, erect, and of the same size.

**Convex Lens**
1. **Object Beyond the Focus:** The image formed by a convex lens is real, inverted, and diminished in size.
2. **Object at the Focus:** When the object is placed at the focus, the image formed is real, inverted, and of the same size.
3. **Object Between the Focus and the Lens:** In this case, the image formed is real, inverted, and magnified.
4. **Object Between the Lens and Optical Center:** The image formed is real, inverted, and magnified.
5. **Object at the Optical Center:** When the object is placed at the optical center, the image formed is real, inverted, and of the same size.

Remember, ray diagrams are a useful tool to understand how images are formed by spherical mirrors and lenses. They help visualize the path of light rays and determine the nature, position, size, and orientation of the image formed.

Lec37_2145.pdf
You Must visit this link