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how over irrigation leads to land degradation?
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how over irrigation leads to land degradation?
How Over Irrigation Leads to Land Degradation

Over irrigation refers to the excessive application of water to plants or crops beyond their actual requirements. While irrigation is essential for agriculture in many regions with limited rainfall, over irrigation can have detrimental effects on the land and its productivity. Here are the key reasons why over irrigation leads to land degradation:

1. Waterlogging
- When excessive water is applied to the soil, it can saturate the ground and result in waterlogging.
- Waterlogging prevents proper aeration of the soil, leading to oxygen deprivation for plant roots.
- Lack of oxygen hampers the growth of plants, inhibiting their ability to take up nutrients, which ultimately affects crop yields.

2. Salinization
- Over irrigation can cause the accumulation of salts in the soil.
- When water evaporates from the surface, it leaves behind salts that were dissolved in it.
- With excessive irrigation, the concentration of salts in the soil increases, making it unsuitable for plant growth.
- Salinization negatively impacts soil structure, nutrient availability, and water absorption capacity, leading to reduced crop productivity.

3. Erosion
- Over irrigation can contribute to soil erosion, especially in sloping areas.
- When water is applied in excess, it leads to surface runoff, carrying away valuable topsoil along with it.
- Erosion removes the nutrient-rich layer of soil, which is crucial for plant growth, and leaves behind infertile and compacted soil.

4. Groundwater Depletion
- Over irrigation can cause excessive extraction of groundwater from aquifers.
- When more water is withdrawn from the ground than can be naturally replenished, it leads to groundwater depletion.
- The lowering of the water table affects the availability of water for irrigation and other purposes, impacting agricultural sustainability in the long run.

5. Reduced Biodiversity
- Over irrigation can alter the natural habitats and ecosystems.
- Excessive water application can result in the loss of native vegetation, leading to decreased biodiversity.
- The disappearance of diverse plant species affects the overall ecosystem balance, disrupting various ecological processes.

Conclusion
Over irrigation can have severe consequences on land productivity and sustainability. It leads to waterlogging, salinization, erosion, groundwater depletion, and reduced biodiversity. To mitigate these issues, it is crucial to adopt sustainable irrigation practices, such as using efficient irrigation techniques, monitoring soil moisture levels, and matching irrigation rates to crop water requirements. This will help ensure the long-term health and productivity of agricultural land.
Community Answer
how over irrigation leads to land degradation?
every plant requires water to some extent. if the water is given more than the maximum limit or the water given is less than the minimum limit in both the cases it leads to land degradation
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Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follows:We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future generations too. Ninety-five per cent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are obtained from land. Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of overburdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:Which of the following activities leads to land degradation?

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follows:We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future generations too. Ninety-five per cent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are obtained from land. Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of overburdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:With whom do we share our land?

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follows:We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future generations too. Ninety-five per cent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are obtained from land. Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of overburdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:What harm does the mineral processing and cement industry do to the environment and land?

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follows:We have shared our land with the past generations and will have to do so with the future generations too. Ninety-five per cent of our basic needs for food, shelter and clothing are obtained from land. Human activities have not only brought about degradation of land but have also aggravated the pace of natural forces to cause damage to land. Some human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, mining and quarrying too have contributed significantly in land degradation. Mining sites are abandoned after excavation work is complete leaving deep scars and traces of overburdening. In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation. In states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra overgrazing is one of the main reasons for land degradation. In the states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in salinity and alkalinity in the soil. The mineral processing like grinding of limestone for cement industry and calcite and soapstone for ceramic industry generate huge quantity of dust in the atmosphere. It retards the process of infiltration of water into the soil after it settles down on the land. In recent years, industrial effluents as waste have become a major source of land and water pollution in many parts of the country.Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:Name some Indian states which are deforested due to mining and overgrazing activities.

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