Difference between Liberty and Freedom:

Liberty and freedom are two concepts that are often used interchangeably, but they do have some differences.

1. Definition:
Liberty refers to the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior or political views. On the other hand, freedom refers to the state of being free from any kind of physical, mental, or emotional restraint.

2. Origin:
The concept of liberty is mainly associated with the ideas of enlightenment thinkers such as John Locke, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Thomas Jefferson. Whereas, the concept of freedom has its roots in the ancient Greek philosophy of democracy.

3. Scope:
Liberty is a political concept that is concerned with the relationship between individuals and the state. On the other hand, freedom is a broader concept that encompasses all aspects of life, including personal, social, economic, and political freedom.

4. Limitations:
Liberty is limited by the laws and regulations set by the state to ensure that the exercise of one's liberty does not infringe upon the rights of others. Freedom, on the other hand, is only limited by the laws of nature and the need to respect the freedom of others.

5. Legal Status:
Liberty is recognized as a legal right in most democratic societies, and it is protected by the constitution and other laws. Freedom, on the other hand, is not always recognized as a legal right, and it may be limited by laws and regulations in certain circumstances.

History of Constitutional Development in India (Part - 1):

1. Introduction:
The history of constitutional development in India can be traced back to the British colonial period when the country was ruled by the British East India Company.

2. Regulating Act of 1773:
The Regulating Act of 1773 was the first step towards the constitutional development of India. It established a Supreme Court in Calcutta and created a Governor-General of Bengal.

3. Charter Act of 1833:
The Charter Act of 1833 abolished the East India Company's monopoly on trade and introduced important reforms in the administration of India. It also established a legislative council for the first time.

4. Indian Councils Act of 1861:
The Indian Councils Act of 1861 expanded the legislative council's powers and introduced the concept of non-official members.

5. Government of India Act of 1919:
The Government of India Act of 1919 introduced the concept of responsible government and expanded the franchise to a limited extent.

6. Government of India Act of 1935:
The Government of India Act of 1935 was a major step towards India's constitutional development. It established a federal system of government and introduced significant reforms in the administration of India.

7. Conclusion:
The history of constitutional development in India has been a long and complex process that has evolved over time. The British colonial period played a crucial role in shaping India's constitutional development, and the country has continued to make significant progress towards a more democratic and inclusive society.

Both Liberty and Freedom are synonyms. The term “liberty” is a form of “freedom.” The term ‘Liberty’  relies heavily on implication of responsibility and duty, and attachment to a greater whole society or philosophical belief system. In contrast, freedom means the raw ability to act and do as one wills.

In other words “Liberty” is the power to act and express oneself according to one’s will while “freedom” is the power to decide one’s actions.

“Freedom” is a more concrete concept than “liberty”.

“Liberty” comes from the Latin word “libertatem” which means “condition of a freeman” while “freedom” comes from the English word “freodom” which means “state of free will.”