**Important Towns of Harappan Civilization**

The Harappan Civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, was one of the most ancient urban civilizations that thrived in the Indus Valley region around 2500 BCE to 1900 BCE. This civilization was characterized by its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage and water supply systems, and unique script that is yet to be deciphered. The civilization was spread across a vast area, covering present-day India, Pakistan, and Afghanistan.

**1. Harappa:**
Harappa was the first site of the ancient civilization to be discovered in the 1920s. Located in present-day Pakistan, Harappa was a major urban center with a well-planned layout. The city had a fortified citadel, a granary, and a complex drainage system. The discovery of a large number of seals, pottery, and other artifacts suggests that it was a hub of trade and commerce.

**2. Mohenjo-daro:**
Mohenjo-daro, another prominent city of the Indus Valley Civilization, is located in present-day Pakistan. It is considered one of the most well-preserved and planned cities of the ancient world. The city had a complex grid-like street system, public buildings, and an elaborate drainage system. The Great Bath, a large water tank, is one of the most impressive structures found at this site.

**3. Dholavira:**
Dholavira, located in present-day Gujarat, India, is one of the five largest Harappan sites. It is known for its unique water management system, which included an intricate network of reservoirs, dams, and canals. The city had a fortified castle, a marketplace, and an underground sanitary system. The discovery of an inscription in the ancient Indus script at Dholavira adds to the mystery surrounding the Harappan script.

**4. Lothal:**
Lothal, situated in present-day Gujarat, India, was an important port city of the Harappan Civilization. It served as a center for maritime trade, with evidence of a dockyard and a warehouse for storing goods. The city had a well-organized marketplace and a sophisticated drainage system. The discovery of a unique burial ground called a "dockyard cemetery" suggests that it was a significant trading hub.

**5. Kalibangan:**
Kalibangan, located in present-day Rajasthan, India, was an important Harappan site. It is known for its well-planned citadel and lower town. The city had a unique fire altar, indicating the presence of religious practices. The discovery of a ploughed field and a furrow suggests that agriculture was an essential part of the civilization.

In conclusion, the Indus Valley Civilization was home to several important towns that played a crucial role in the thriving urban society. Harappa, Mohenjo-daro, Dholavira, Lothal, and Kalibangan were some of the significant cities that showcased the advanced urban planning, trade networks, and technological advancements of this ancient civilization.