Give reason ~(1) Graphite is used as a lubricant. (2) Diamond have a high melting point and is the hardest substance. (3) Draw the electron dot structure of S8 i.e sulphur.?

Question

Answer

Answer

1)

Graphite has a layered structure of hexagonal rings. It

has one carbon atom covalently bonded to three other carbon atoms, forming a giant hexagonal molecular structure with layers held by weak Van der Waals' forces. As the Van der Waals' forces between the layers are weak, the layers can easily slide over each other when pressured and is soft. Thus, it can be used as a lubricant.

2)

Arrangement of carbon atoms in diamond is neither a heap of atoms like in charcoal

nor layers like graphite. It has a three dimensional network of carbon atoms held together with a strong bond in all directions. These atoms are situated in different planes. It has extremely rigid lattice. Each atom of the carbon is shared with four other atoms. It forms a tetrahedral structure

which is very rare. It is rare because it is formed only under massive pressure and high temperature.Hence,Diamond has high melting point.

3)

Answer

Graphite as a Lubricant:

Graphite is used as a lubricant due to the following reasons:

1. Layers of Graphite: Graphite has a unique layered structure. Each layer consists of hexagonal rings of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice. These layers are weakly bonded to each other by Van der Waals forces. The weak interlayer forces allow the layers to slide over each other, providing lubrication.

2. Low Friction: The weak forces between the layers of graphite result in a low coefficient of friction, making it an ideal lubricant. The layers can easily glide past each other, reducing the friction between the moving parts.

3. Shearing Action: When pressure is applied to graphite, the layers slide and shear, forming a thin film between the moving surfaces. This film acts as a barrier, preventing direct contact between the surfaces and reducing friction.

4. High Temperature Stability: Graphite can withstand high temperatures without decomposing or melting. This property is crucial for lubrication in applications where the lubricant is exposed to high temperature environments.

5. Chemically Inert: Graphite is chemically inert, meaning it does not react with most substances. This makes it suitable for use in various industries, such as automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing, where it can be exposed to different chemicals without undergoing chemical reactions.

Diamond's High Melting Point and Hardness:

Diamond possesses a high melting point and is the hardest substance known due to the following reasons:

1. Strong Covalent Bonds: Diamond is composed of carbon atoms arranged in a three-dimensional lattice structure, where each carbon atom forms strong covalent bonds with four neighboring carbon atoms. These covalent bonds are very strong and require a significant amount of energy to break, resulting in a high melting point.

2. Tetrahedral Structure: The carbon atoms in diamond form a tetrahedral structure, where each carbon atom is bonded to four other carbon atoms in a three-dimensional arrangement. This arrangement provides exceptional rigidity and stability to the diamond structure, contributing to its hardness.

3. No Free Electrons: In diamond, all the valence electrons of carbon are involved in forming covalent bonds. As a result, there are no free electrons or mobile charge carriers available for electrical conduction. This lack of free electrons also contributes to diamond's exceptional hardness.

4. Dense Packing: The carbon atoms in diamond are densely packed, maximizing the number of covalent bonds. This close packing further enhances the strength and stability of the diamond structure.

5. Resistance to Chemical Attack: Diamond is highly resistant to chemical attack due to its strong covalent bonds. It does not react with most chemicals, acids, or bases, making it a chemically inert material.

Electron Dot Structure of S8 (Sulphur):

The electron dot structure of S8 can be represented as follows:

```plaintext
S S S S S S S S
/ \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \ / \
S S S S S S

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