**Lord Ripon introduced local self-government in India.**

**Explanation:**

During the colonial period, the British government implemented various administrative reforms in India. One such significant reform was the introduction of local self-government, which aimed to decentralize power and provide more autonomy to the local population. This reform was introduced by Lord Ripon, who served as the Viceroy of India from 1880 to 1884.

**Reasons for the Introduction of Local Self-Government:**

The introduction of local self-government was influenced by several factors:

1. Administrative Efficiency: The British government believed that local self-government would lead to better administration and governance at the grassroots level. It was expected that local bodies would be more aware of the needs and issues of the local population and could address them more effectively.

2. Political Education: By involving the local population in the decision-making process, the British government aimed to educate them in the principles of governance, democracy, and citizenship. This was seen as a means to prepare the Indian people for future self-rule.

3. Reduction of Administrative Burden: The British government wanted to delegate some of the administrative responsibilities to local bodies, which would allow them to focus on more pressing matters of governance.

**Features of Local Self-Government:**

Under Lord Ripon's regime, local self-government was introduced through the enactment of the Local Self-Government Act of 1882. The key features of this act were:

1. Formation of Local Bodies: The act provided for the establishment of local bodies known as Municipalities and District Boards. Municipalities were responsible for urban areas, while District Boards were responsible for rural areas.

2. Elected Representatives: The members of these local bodies were to be elected by the local population. This provided an opportunity for the Indian people to participate in the decision-making process and have a voice in local governance.

3. Functions and Powers: The local bodies were entrusted with various functions such as sanitation, public health, water supply, education, and infrastructure development. They were also given the power to levy and collect taxes to fund these activities.

4. Autonomy: The local bodies were intended to have a certain degree of autonomy in decision-making and administration, although they were still subject to certain controls and supervision by the British government.

**Impact of Local Self-Government:**

The introduction of local self-government had several significant impacts:

1. Grassroots Participation: It provided an opportunity for the Indian people to actively participate in the governance of their local areas. This helped in developing a sense of citizenship and political awareness among the population.

2. Administrative Development: Local self-government led to the development of infrastructure, public services, and amenities at the local level. It improved the living conditions of the people and contributed to their overall well-being.

3. Political Awakening: The experience of participating in local self-government laid the foundation for future political activism and movements in India. It played a crucial role in shaping the nationalist movement and demands for self-rule.

In conclusion, Lord Ripon, during his tenure as the Viceroy of India, introduced local self-government through the Local Self-Government Act of 1882. This reform aimed to decentralize power, promote administrative efficiency, and provide political education to the Indian population. It had a significant impact on grassroots participation, administrative development, and the political awakening of the Indian people.

Lord ripen is known as father of local self government. He introduced local self government in India in the year 1882