The Preamble of the Indian Constitution declares India as a:

The correct answer is option 'C' - Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic. Let's break down the elements of this answer and understand why it is the correct choice.

1. Sovereign:
- The term "sovereign" means that India is an independent nation and is not under the control or authority of any other external power.
- It signifies that India has the freedom to govern itself and make decisions without interference from any external forces.

2. Socialist:
- The term "socialist" implies that India follows the principles of socialism in its economic and social policies.
- Socialism aims to establish a society where resources and wealth are distributed equitably among the citizens, promoting social justice and reducing economic inequalities.
- India's socialist approach is reflected in various policies such as land reforms, public sector enterprises, and social welfare programs.

3. Secular:
- The term "secular" indicates that India is a country where the state does not promote or favor any particular religion.
- It ensures that all citizens have the freedom to practice and profess any religion of their choice without discrimination or undue influence from the state.
- The Indian Constitution guarantees religious freedom and prohibits discrimination based on religion.

4. Democratic:
- The term "democratic" signifies that India is a country where the power lies with the people.
- It implies that citizens have the right to participate in decision-making processes through elections and have the freedom of speech, expression, and association.
- India's democratic system is based on the principles of equality, justice, and the rule of law.

5. Republic:
- The term "republic" implies that India has a political system where the head of state is an elected representative and not a hereditary monarch.
- It signifies that the President of India, who is elected by an electoral college, is the head of the country and represents the people.

Conclusion:
The Indian Constitution's preamble declares India as a Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic, which means that India is an independent nation governed by the principles of socialism, secularism, and democracy. It guarantees equality, justice, and religious freedom for all citizens, with an elected head of state representing the people.

C