The correct answer is option C, "An Essay on the Principle of Population". This essay was published by Thomas Robert Malthus in 1798 and is considered to be his most influential work.

Explanation:

Thomas Robert Malthus was an English economist and cleric who lived from 1766 to 1834. He is best known for his writings on population growth and its effects on society, which were influential in the development of modern economics.

Malthus's most famous work, "An Essay on the Principle of Population", was first published anonymously in 1798. The essay argued that population growth would inevitably outstrip the food supply, leading to famine, disease, and other forms of social and economic collapse. Malthus believed that this was a natural and unavoidable consequence of human reproduction, and that efforts to improve living conditions or increase food production would only exacerbate the problem by encouraging further population growth.

Malthus's essay was controversial in its time, and it remains a subject of debate and discussion among scholars today. Some critics have argued that his predictions were overly pessimistic and failed to account for technological advances in agriculture and other areas. Others have praised his work for drawing attention to the complex interactions between population, resources, and social structures.

Overall, "An Essay on the Principle of Population" remains an important and influential work in the history of economics and social theory, and continues to be studied and debated by scholars in a variety of fields.

The correct answer is option C, "An Essay on the Principle of Population."

Explanation:
Thomas Robert Malthus was a British economist who lived from 1766 to 1834. He is most famous for his work "An Essay on the Principle of Population," which was first published in 1798. This book had a significant impact on the fields of economics, sociology, and politics, and it remains one of the most influential and widely discussed works of its time.

The essay presents Malthus's theory of population growth, which is based on the idea that population tends to increase faster than the food supply. Malthus argued that as population grows, people will need more food to survive, but the amount of land available for agriculture is limited. Therefore, he believed that population growth would eventually lead to a crisis in which there would not be enough food to feed everyone.

The essay also includes Malthus's proposal for controlling population growth, which was based on the idea of "positive checks" and "preventive checks." Positive checks are events that reduce the population, such as war, famine, and disease. Preventive checks are measures that limit population growth, such as abstinence, contraception, and delayed marriage.

Malthus's ideas were controversial and sparked a great deal of debate at the time of their publication. Some people saw his theory as a warning about the dangers of unchecked population growth, while others criticized him for being too pessimistic and for underestimating the potential for technological progress and agricultural innovation.

Despite these criticisms, Malthus's work remains an important contribution to the study of population and economic growth. His ideas have influenced many other thinkers, and they continue to be relevant to debates about population policy, environmental sustainability, and economic development.