Components of food that do not provide energy nor help in growth:

Roughage:

Roughage, also known as dietary fiber or bulk, refers to the indigestible portion of plant-based foods. Unlike other components of food such as fat, protein, and glucose, roughage does not provide energy nor directly contribute to growth.

Explanation:

1. Definition of roughage:
- Roughage is the fibrous part of food, mainly derived from plant sources, that cannot be digested by the human body.
- It passes through the digestive system relatively intact and is eliminated as waste.

2. Lack of energy contribution:
- Roughage is not broken down by digestive enzymes and thus does not release any significant amount of energy during digestion.
- Unlike carbohydrates (glucose) and fats, which are major energy providers, roughage does not contribute to the body's energy requirements.

3. Absence of growth-promoting properties:
- Roughage does not contain essential nutrients like proteins, vitamins, or minerals that are necessary for growth and development.
- While proteins are crucial for building and repairing body tissues, roughage does not provide any amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.

4. Role in digestion and overall health:
- Despite not providing energy or supporting growth, roughage plays an important role in maintaining a healthy digestive system.
- It adds bulk to the diet, promotes regular bowel movements, and helps prevent constipation.
- By absorbing water and increasing the volume of stool, roughage aids in the smooth passage of food through the intestines.

5. Food sources of roughage:
- Roughage is primarily found in plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts.
- Examples of high-roughage foods include broccoli, spinach, whole wheat bread, brown rice, beans, and almonds.

In conclusion, roughage is a component of food that does not provide energy nor contribute to growth. Although it is indigestible and lacks essential nutrients, roughage plays a vital role in maintaining digestive health and preventing constipation.

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