**Deformation of Machine Member**

The deformation of a machine member due to bending can be described by the equation X * sin(θ), where X represents the maximum bending moment and θ represents the angle of deflection. This equation assumes that the material follows Hooke's law and has a linear relationship between stress and strain.

**Maximum Tension and Compression**

When a machine member is subjected to bending, it experiences both tension and compression stresses. The maximum tension stress occurs at the outermost fibers of the member, farthest from the neutral axis, while the maximum compression stress occurs at the innermost fibers, closest to the neutral axis. This is because the outer fibers are stretched due to bending, while the inner fibers are compressed.

**Moment of Inertia (Z)**

The moment of inertia (Z) is a property of the section that determines its resistance to bending. It represents the distribution of area around the neutral axis and is calculated using the formula Z = ∫(y^2)dA, where y is the distance from the neutral axis and dA is an infinitesimal area element. The moment of inertia is directly related to the stiffness of the section, with higher values indicating greater resistance to bending.

**Maximum Shear Stress (τ)**

In addition to tension and compression, a machine member subjected to bending also experiences shear stresses. The maximum shear stress occurs at the neutral axis, where the shear force is greatest. The shear stress can be calculated using the formula τ = VQ/It, where V is the shear force, Q is the first moment of area about the neutral axis, I is the moment of inertia, and t is the thickness of the section.

**Polar Moment of Inertia and Maximum Tension Stress**

In the case of a polar model of section, which is typically used for circular or cylindrical sections, the moment of inertia is replaced by the polar moment of inertia (J). The polar moment of inertia represents the distribution of area around the central axis of the section. The maximum tension stress in a polar section occurs at the outermost fibers, similar to other sections.

**Modular Subsection and Maximum Compression Stress**

A modular subsection refers to dividing a machine member into smaller subsections and analyzing each subsection separately. This allows for a more detailed analysis of the member's behavior and stress distribution. The maximum compression stress in a modular subsection occurs at the innermost fibers, similar to other sections.

In summary, when a machine member is subjected to bending, it experiences both tension and compression stresses. The maximum tension stress occurs at the outermost fibers, while the maximum compression stress occurs at the innermost fibers. The moment of inertia (Z) determines the resistance to bending, while the polar moment of inertia (J) is used for circular or cylindrical sections. The maximum shear stress occurs at the neutral axis. Analyzing the member using modular subsections allows for a detailed analysis of stress distribution.

When the deformation of machine member due to bending only in the maximum bending moment is given by X into sin in which is the maximum tension and compression test and Z is the moral of section if is a maximum shear stress and there is a polar model of section can be the maximum tension stress and let the models of section kept the maximum compression tests and there is a modular subsection