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In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.
According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that
  • a)
    Spending had outdistanced income
  • b)
    Trade had fallen off
  • c)
    Profits from mining had declined
  • d)
    The coinage had been sharply debased
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun ...
In the passage it is mentioned about high living standards. So according to passage the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was that spending had outdistanced income.
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In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun ...

Reasons for the financial problems of Japan’s feudal overlords in the 18th century:

Reason 1: Spending had outdistanced income
- Samurai overlords failed to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy
- Concentration of samurai in castle-towns stimulated trade, leading to increased expenses
- Samurai idleness led to expensive tastes and habits, adding to financial strain
- Shortfalls in income resulted from higher standards of living and laxity among tax collectors
- Misfortunes like fires or floods further increased expenses or reduced revenue, putting domains in debt

Therefore, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the 18th century was that their spending had outpaced their income. This was exacerbated by their failure to adapt to economic changes, increased expenses due to trade stimulation, expensive habits of the samurai, and misfortunes leading to debt accumulation.
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In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.The passage implies that individual samurai did not find it easy to recover from debt for which of the following reasons?

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In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus. Information about In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
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Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice In the eighteenth century, Japan’s feudal overlords, from the shogun to the humblest samurai, found themselves under financial stress. In part, this stress can be attributed to the overlords’ failure to adjust to a rapidly expanding economy, but the stress was also due to factors beyond the overlords’ control. Concentration of the samurai in castle-towns had acted as a stimulus to trade. Commercial efficiency, in turn, had put temptations in the way of buyers. Since most samurai had been reduced to idleness by years of peace, encouraged to engage in scholarship and martial exercises or to perform administrative tasks that took little time, it is not surprising that their tastes and habits grew expensive. Overlord’s income, despite the increase in rice production among their tenant farmers, failed to keep pace with their expenses. Although shortfalls in overlord’s income resulted almost as much from laxity among their tax collectors as from their higher standards of living, a misfortune like a fire or flood, bringing an increase in expenses or a drop in revenue, could put a domain in debt to the city rice-brokers who handled its finances. Once in debt, neither the individual samurai nor the shogun himself found it easy to recover. It was difficult for individual samurai overlords to increase their income because the amount of rice that farmers could be made to pay in taxes was not unlimited, and since the income of Japan’s central government consisted in part of taxes collected by the shogun from his huge domain, the government too was constrained.According to the passage, the major reason for the financial problems experienced by Japan’s feudal overlords in the eighteenth century was thata) Spending had outdistanced incomeb) Trade had fallen offc) Profits from mining had declinedd) The coinage had been sharply debasedCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice UPSC tests.
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