Oscillation
Oscillation is a repetitive back-and-forth motion around a central point or equilibrium position. It is a common phenomenon that can be observed in various natural and man-made systems.

Key Points
- Oscillation involves a periodic variation in a physical quantity, such as position, velocity, or temperature.
- The motion of an oscillating system can be described mathematically using sine or cosine functions.
- Examples of oscillatory motion include the swinging of a pendulum, the vibration of a guitar string, or the fluctuation of an alternating current.
- Oscillations can occur in mechanical, electrical, and biological systems, among others.
- The frequency of oscillation refers to the number of cycles or vibrations per unit of time, usually measured in hertz (Hz).
- Damping is a phenomenon that reduces the amplitude of oscillations over time, eventually bringing the system to rest.

Types of Oscillations

Free Oscillations:
Free oscillations occur when a system is set into motion and left to oscillate without any external force. Examples include a simple pendulum or a vibrating tuning fork.

Forced Oscillations:
Forced oscillations result from the application of an external periodic force to a system. The system oscillates at the frequency of the applied force, which can lead to resonance if the frequency matches the natural frequency of the system.

Applications of Oscillations
Oscillations play a crucial role in various fields, including physics, engineering, and biology. They are used in technologies such as clocks, radios, sensors, and musical instruments. Understanding and controlling oscillatory systems are essential for designing efficient and reliable devices in modern society.

the two and fro motion of pendulum is known as oscillation