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According to article 12 which of the following can be termed as 'State'?
1. Statutory bodies
2. Non-statutory bodies
3. Improvement trusts
4. District boards
Choose from the following options.
- a)1 and 2 Only
- b)1 and 4 Only
- c)2 and 4 Only
- d)All of them
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
Most Upvoted Answer
According to article 12 which of the following can be termed as State?...
State as per Article 12
Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines State as follows:
"The term 'State' includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India."
Explanation
The definition of State under Article 12 is quite comprehensive. It includes not only the central and state governments but also other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.
The following bodies can be termed as State as per Article 12:
1. Statutory bodies: These are bodies created by an Act of Parliament or a state legislature. Examples include the Election Commission, the Public Service Commissions, and the National Human Rights Commission.
2. Non-statutory bodies: These are bodies that are not created by an Act of Parliament or a state legislature but are controlled by the government. Examples include the Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India, and the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
3. Improvement trusts: These are bodies that are created by the state government for the purpose of carrying out development activities in urban areas. Examples include the Delhi Development Authority and the Bangalore Development Authority.
4. District boards: These are bodies that are created by the state government for the purpose of carrying out development activities in rural areas. Examples include the Zilla Parishads in Maharashtra and the Panchayat Samitis in Rajasthan.
Conclusion
In conclusion, all the above-mentioned bodies can be termed as State as per Article 12 of the Indian Constitution. This means that they are bound by the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution and can be held accountable for any violations.
Article 12 of the Indian Constitution defines State as follows:
"The term 'State' includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India."
Explanation
The definition of State under Article 12 is quite comprehensive. It includes not only the central and state governments but also other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.
The following bodies can be termed as State as per Article 12:
1. Statutory bodies: These are bodies created by an Act of Parliament or a state legislature. Examples include the Election Commission, the Public Service Commissions, and the National Human Rights Commission.
2. Non-statutory bodies: These are bodies that are not created by an Act of Parliament or a state legislature but are controlled by the government. Examples include the Reserve Bank of India, the State Bank of India, and the Life Insurance Corporation of India.
3. Improvement trusts: These are bodies that are created by the state government for the purpose of carrying out development activities in urban areas. Examples include the Delhi Development Authority and the Bangalore Development Authority.
4. District boards: These are bodies that are created by the state government for the purpose of carrying out development activities in rural areas. Examples include the Zilla Parishads in Maharashtra and the Panchayat Samitis in Rajasthan.
Conclusion
In conclusion, all the above-mentioned bodies can be termed as State as per Article 12 of the Indian Constitution. This means that they are bound by the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution and can be held accountable for any violations.
Community Answer
According to article 12 which of the following can be termed as State?...
States include:
(a) Government and Parliament of India, that is executive and legislative organs of the Union government.
(b) Government and legislature of states, that is, executive and legislative organs of state government.
(c) All local authorities, that is, municipalities, panchayats, district boards, improvement trusts, etc.
(d) All other authorities, that is, statutory or nonstatutory authorities like LIC, ONGC, SAIL, etc.
Thus, the State has been defined in a wider sense to include all its agencies. It is the actions of these agencies that can be challenged in the courts as violating the Fundamental Rights. According to the Supreme Court, even a private body or an agency working as an instrument of the State falls within the meaning of State Article 12.
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According to article 12 which of the following can be termed as State? 1. Statutory bodies2. Non-statutory bodies3. Improvement trusts4. District boardsChoose from the following options.a)1 and 2 Onlyb)1 and 4 Onlyc)2 and 4 Onlyd)All of themCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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