Alivardi Khan did not permit the English and the French to fortify their factories in Calcutta and Chandernagar.

Reasons for Alivardi Khan's decision:

1. Fear of European dominance: Alivardi Khan was apprehensive that allowing the English and the French to fortify their factories would give them an upper hand in Bengal. He did not want to grant them any privileges that could lead to their dominance.

2. Previous experiences: Alivardi Khan had witnessed the Dutch and the Portuguese using their fortified factories to interfere in local politics and engage in smuggling activities. He did not want to repeat the mistakes of his predecessors.

3. Strong military: Alivardi Khan had a strong military and did not feel the need to rely on the Europeans for protection. He believed that he could defend Bengal on his own.

Implications of Alivardi Khan's decision:

1. Limited European influence: Alivardi Khan's decision prevented the English and the French from expanding their influence in Bengal. This limited their ability to acquire resources and trade freely.

2. Tense relations: The English and the French were unhappy with Alivardi Khan's decision and it strained their relations with the Bengal Nawab. This tension would eventually lead to conflicts and battles for control of Bengal.

3. Increased importance of diplomacy: With limited military options, the English and the French had to rely on diplomacy to maintain their presence in Bengal. This led to the establishment of alliances and the use of political influence to achieve their objectives.

In conclusion, Alivardi Khan's decision not to permit the English and the French to fortify their factories in Calcutta and Chandernagar was driven by his fear of European dominance and his strong military. This decision had significant implications for the relationship between Bengal and the Europeans, as well as the methods used by the Europeans to maintain their presence in Bengal.

Lying ten miles up river from Calcutta, Chandernagore was the administrative centre of the French East India Company. Clive, "determined to eliminate" Siraj ud-Daulah Nawabs of Bengal, chose the capture of the French Fort d'Orleans and Chandernagore, as a first step. The French had a total of 16 guns against the Watson's HMS Kent (1746), HMS Tiger (1747), and HMS Salisbury (1746), and Clive's land forces. Though "the guns of the fort did a great deal of damage", including 37 killed and 74 wounded on the Tiger, the attack was successful.[1]