**Establishment of the National Human Rights Commission**

The correct answer is option 'A' - 1993. The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of India was established on October 12, 1993, through the enactment of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993. It was established to protect and promote the human rights of individuals in India and to address any violations of these rights.

**Explanation of the answer**

The NHRC was established in 1993 with the aim of protecting and promoting human rights in India. Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:

1. **Background**: Prior to the establishment of the NHRC, there were various incidents of human rights violations in India, including custodial deaths, torture, and abuse of power by authorities. In response to these concerns, the government recognized the need for a dedicated institution to address human rights issues.

2. **Enactment of the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993**: The Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, was passed by the Parliament of India to provide for the establishment of the NHRC. The Act received assent from the President of India on September 28, 1993, and came into force on October 12, 1993.

3. **Composition and Functions**: The NHRC consists of a Chairperson and several members appointed by the President of India. It has the authority to inquire into complaints of human rights violations, intervene in legal proceedings, and recommend compensation or other remedial measures for the victims.

4. **Independence and Autonomy**: The NHRC is an independent and autonomous body, separate from the government. It is not subject to the control of any authority and functions independently in the exercise of its powers and duties.

5. **Powers and Jurisdiction**: The NHRC has the power to summon witnesses, examine documents, conduct investigations, and visit places of detention to ensure the protection of human rights. It has jurisdiction over all of India, including union territories.

6. **Promotion and Awareness**: In addition to addressing complaints and violations, the NHRC also plays a proactive role in promoting human rights awareness and education. It conducts workshops, seminars, and campaigns to raise awareness about human rights issues.

Overall, the establishment of the NHRC in 1993 marked a significant step towards protecting and promoting human rights in India. It serves as an institutional mechanism for addressing human rights violations and ensuring justice for the victims.