Along with Vienna and western Europe, what country was within the grasp of Mongol forces?a)Chinab)Hungaryc)Polandd)EgyptCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Along with Vienna and western Europe, what country was within the grasp of Mongol forces?

a)
China
b)
Hungary
c)
Poland
d)
Egypt

Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?

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Along with Vienna and western Europe, what country was within the gras...

Vienna, western Europe, and Egypt were within the grasp of Mongol forces; their retreat from the Hungarian steppes and defeat at the hands of the Egyptian forces signaled the emergence of new political trends.

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Along with Vienna and western Europe, what country was within the gras...

Egypt was within the grasp of Mongol forces.

Explanation:
The Mongol Empire, under the leadership of Genghis Khan and his successors, embarked on a series of military campaigns in the 13th century. Their goal was to conquer and establish the largest empire in history, stretching from Asia to Europe. While their primary focus was on Asia, they also launched expeditions into Europe and the Middle East.

- Mongol Invasions of Europe:
- The Mongols launched several invasions into Europe, targeting regions such as Russia, Hungary, and Poland.
- In 1241, Mongol forces led by Batu Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, invaded Hungary and Poland. They achieved significant victories, defeating the armies of the Hungarian king and reaching as far west as Silesia (in present-day Poland).
- However, their advance into Europe was halted by the death of the Mongol Great Khan Ögedei, which led to the withdrawal of the Mongol forces back to the east.

- Mongol Invasions of the Middle East:
- While the Mongols were not able to conquer the entirety of Europe, they were successful in their campaigns in the Middle East.
- In the mid-13th century, the Mongols turned their attention to the Islamic world, particularly the Abbasid Caliphate centered in Baghdad, Iraq.
- Under the leadership of Hulagu Khan, Genghis Khan's grandson, the Mongols launched a devastating invasion of the Middle East in 1258.
- They captured and sacked Baghdad, bringing an end to the Abbasid Caliphate. This event marked a significant turning point in the history of the region.
- The Mongols continued their conquests, pushing further south into Syria, Palestine, and eventually reaching Egypt.

- Mongol Conquest of Egypt:
- In 1260, the Mongols, under the command of Hulagu Khan, sent an army to invade Egypt, which was then ruled by the Mamluks.
- The Mamluks, skilled warriors of Turkic origin, managed to repel the Mongol invasion in the Battle of Ain Jalut.
- The Mongols suffered a decisive defeat, and their ambitions to conquer Egypt were thwarted.
- This victory by the Mamluks prevented the Mongols from extending their empire into North Africa and the rest of the Arab world.

In conclusion, while the Mongols were able to make significant advances into Europe, reaching as far as Hungary and Poland, their conquest of Egypt was ultimately unsuccessful. Egypt, under the rule of the Mamluks, successfully defended itself against the Mongol invasion in the mid-13th century.

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