The Varna system is an ancient Indian social hierarchy that divided people into different classes based on their occupation and social status. It was determined by birth and was considered a fundamental part of Indian society. There were four major divisions in the Varna system, which are explained below:

1. Brahmins: The Brahmins were the highest caste in the Varna system. They were considered the priests and scholars of Indian society. Their primary occupation was to study and teach Hindu scriptures, perform religious ceremonies, and advise kings and rulers.

2. Kshatriyas: The Kshatriyas were the second-highest caste in the Varna system. They were considered the rulers and warriors of Indian society. Their primary occupation was to govern and protect the people, and they were responsible for defending the country against invaders.

3. Vaishyas: The Vaishyas were the third caste in the Varna system. They were considered the merchants and traders of Indian society. Their primary occupation was to engage in trade and commerce, and they were responsible for managing the economy.

4. Shudras: The Shudras were the lowest caste in the Varna system. They were considered the laborers and servants of Indian society. Their primary occupation was to perform manual labor, such as farming and construction, and to serve the higher castes.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the Varna system was an ancient Indian social hierarchy that divided people into four major castes based on their occupation and social status: Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras. It was a fundamental part of Indian society and was determined by birth. The Varna system has been criticized for being discriminatory and was eventually abolished by the Indian Constitution in 1950.