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The o.c. and s.c. test on a 5kva,230/110v ,50hz transformer gave the following data : o.c. test- 230v, 0.6a ,80w and s.c .test- 6v ,15 a,20w .calculate percentage efficiency and regulations of a transformer on full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging?
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The o.c. and s.c. test on a 5kva,230/110v ,50hz transformer gave the f...
Calculation of Percentage Efficiency and Regulation of a Transformer
Given Data
- Rated Power (S) = 5 kVA
- Primary Voltage (V1) = 230V
- Secondary Voltage (V2) = 110V
- Frequency (f) = 50 Hz
- Open Circuit Test (O.C.) : V1 = 230V, I0 = 0.6A, P0 = 80W
- Short Circuit Test (S.C.) : Vsc = 6V, Isc = 15A, Psc = 20W
- Load Power Factor (pf) = 0.8 lagging
Calculation of Efficiency
The efficiency of a transformer is given by the ratio of output power to input power. The output power is equal to the load power (P2) and the input power is equal to the sum of the copper losses (Pcu) and iron losses (Pi).
Load Power (P2) = S * pf = 5kVA * 0.8 = 4kW
Copper Losses (Pcu) = I2^2 * R, where R is the resistance of the secondary winding. The resistance R is calculated using the information from the short circuit test.
R = Vsc / Isc = 6V / 15A = 0.4 ohms
Pcu = I2^2 * R = (4kVA / 110V)^2 * 0.4 ohms = 65.45W
Iron Losses (Pi) = P0 - Pcu = 80W - 65.45W = 14.55W
Total Input Power (Pi + Pcu) = 80W
Therefore, Efficiency = P2 / (Pi + Pcu) = 4kW / 80W = 50%
Calculation of Regulation
The regulation of a transformer is given by the ratio of change in voltage from no-load to full-load to the rated voltage.
The no-load voltage (V0) is equal to the rated secondary voltage (V2).
The full-load voltage (Vf) is calculated using the information from the open circuit test.
Vf = V1 - I0 * R0, where R0 is the resistance of the primary winding.
R0 = V1 / I0 = 230V / 0.6A = 383.33 ohms
Vf = 230V - 0.6A * 383.33 ohms = 7.99V
Therefore, Regulation = (Vf - V2) / V2 * 100% = (7.99V - 110V) / 110V * 100% = -98.2%
Explanation
The percentage efficiency of the transformer is 50%, which means that only half of the input power
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The o.c. and s.c. test on a 5kva,230/110v ,50hz transformer gave the f...
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The o.c. and s.c. test on a 5kva,230/110v ,50hz transformer gave the following data : o.c. test- 230v, 0.6a ,80w and s.c .test- 6v ,15 a,20w .calculate percentage efficiency and regulations of a transformer on full load at 0.8 p.f. lagging?
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