Jammu and Kashmir: Geography and Economy

Geography of Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is a union territory located in the northern part of India. It is bordered by Himachal Pradesh and Punjab to the south, Ladakh to the east, and Pakistan-administered Kashmir to the west and northwest. J&K is known for its diverse geography, characterized by the majestic Himalayan mountain ranges, lush valleys, and picturesque lakes.

Key Features of Jammu and Kashmir's Geography:
- Himalayan Ranges: J&K is a part of the Himalayas, with its major portion lying in the western Himalayas. It is home to several prominent mountain peaks, including K2, the second highest peak in the world.
- Valleys: The region is dotted with beautiful valleys like the Kashmir Valley, Chenab Valley, and Tawi Valley. These valleys are known for their scenic beauty and fertile land.
- Lakes and Rivers: J&K is blessed with numerous lakes and rivers, including Dal Lake, Wular Lake, Jhelum River, and Chenab River. These water bodies not only add to the natural beauty but also support the region's economy through tourism and agriculture.
- Glaciers: The glaciers in J&K, such as Siachen Glacier, are a vital source of water for the rivers in the region and contribute to the overall water resources of the country.
- Biodiversity: The region is rich in biodiversity, with diverse flora and fauna. It is home to various wildlife sanctuaries and national parks, including Dachigam National Park and Hemis National Park.

Economy of Jammu and Kashmir

The economy of Jammu and Kashmir is based on multiple sectors, including agriculture, horticulture, tourism, and handicrafts. However, the region has faced several challenges due to its geopolitical situation.

Key Pointers of J&K's Economy:
- Agriculture: The region has a significant agricultural sector, with crops like rice, wheat, maize, and pulses being cultivated. The fertile land in the valleys supports agricultural activities.
- Horticulture: J&K is known for its horticulture industry, particularly the cultivation of fruits like apples, cherries, apricots, and walnuts. The region's apples are famous nationwide.
- Tourism: The picturesque landscapes, historical sites, and religious destinations attract a large number of tourists to J&K. Popular tourist attractions include Srinagar, Gulmarg, Pahalgam, and Leh-Ladakh. Tourism contributes significantly to the economy by generating employment and revenue.
- Handicrafts: J&K is renowned for its handicrafts, including carpets, shawls, woodwork, and papier-mâché. These handicrafts have a global demand and provide livelihoods to many artisans in the region.
- Hydroelectric Power: J&K has immense hydroelectric potential due to the presence of rivers and hilly terrain. Several hydroelectric power projects have been developed, which contribute to the energy requirements of the region as well as other parts of the country.

In conclusion, Jammu and Kashmir's geography, marked by the Himalayas, valleys, lakes, and rivers, makes it a visually stunning region. The economy relies on agriculture, horticulture, tourism, handicrafts, and hydroelectric