Introduction:
Remedial teaching refers to the process of addressing gaps in learning among students. It is a form of specialized instruction that aims to help students who are struggling academically. This type of teaching is usually provided to students who are performing below grade level or have difficulty in understanding certain concepts.

Explanation:
a) To address gaps in learning:
Remedial teaching primarily focuses on identifying and addressing gaps in learning. It involves diagnosing the specific areas in which students are struggling and providing targeted instruction to help them catch up with their peers. This could involve revisiting previously taught concepts, providing additional practice materials, or using different teaching strategies to enhance understanding.

b) After the regular school hours:
While remedial teaching can be provided outside regular school hours, it is not limited to that specific timeframe. Remedial teaching can occur during regular school hours, such as in small group settings or through individualized instruction. The timing of remedial teaching depends on the needs of the students and the resources available.

c) To help bright learners to excel:
Remedial teaching is not specifically aimed at helping bright learners excel. Its main purpose is to support struggling students by providing them with the necessary interventions and support to bridge the gaps in their learning. Bright learners who are already performing at or above grade level may not require remedial teaching as they do not have significant learning gaps to address.

d) To test learners periodically:
Periodic testing is not the primary focus of remedial teaching. While assessments may be used to gauge the progress of students and identify areas that need further attention, the main emphasis of remedial teaching is on instructional interventions rather than testing.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, remedial teaching is a targeted form of instruction that aims to address gaps in learning among struggling students. It is not limited to after-school hours and is not specifically designed for bright learners or periodic testing. Instead, remedial teaching focuses on diagnosing learning gaps and providing specialized instruction to help students catch up and succeed academically.