Amensalism is a biotic interaction where one species is harmed, and the other is unaffected. This type of interaction occurs when one species produces a chemical or any other substance that harms or inhibits the growth of another species, without being affected by it. The following are the details of this interaction:

Examples of Amensalism:

- The growth of plants may be inhibited by the release of certain chemicals from other plants in the same area. This may cause the plant to die or grow poorly, while the other plant is unaffected.
- The secretion of antibiotics by fungi can inhibit or kill bacteria in the same area, while the fungi remain unaffected.

Difference between Amensalism and other biotic interactions:

- Mutualism: It is a type of interaction in which both species benefit from each other. For example, bees and flowers have a mutualistic relationship where the bees help in pollination, and in return, the flowers provide nectar for the bees.
- Commensalism: It is a type of interaction in which one species benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor benefited. For example, a bird building a nest on a tree does not harm the tree, but the bird benefits from the protection and support provided by the tree.
- Competition: It is a type of interaction in which both species are harmed as they compete for the same resources such as food, water, or territory. For example, two lions fighting for the same prey may both get injured and lose the prey.

Conclusion:

Amensalism is a type of biotic interaction where one species is harmed, and the other is unaffected. This interaction is different from mutualism, commensalism, and competition, which have different outcomes for the species involved. Understanding these interactions is important in ecology and conservation as it helps in predicting the effects of changes in the ecosystem.

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