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Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.
The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.
The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.
According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.
Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?
  • a)
    A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.
  • b)
    Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.
  • c)
    Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.
  • d)
    Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Verified Answer
Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects o...
The passage is about a study conducted on rat population. Mother rats were exposed to different scenario and their off springs were also exposed to different environments. It is concluded that timely intervention can reduce inheritance of effects of adversity from parents. So, Option(A) is the answer.
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Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects o...
Understanding the Organization of the Paragraph
The paragraph discusses a study that investigates the effects of stress on rats and how these effects can be inherited by their offspring. The organization of the paragraph is best captured by option 'A', which highlights a clear progression from a statement to a study of different criteria, ultimately leading to a conclusion.
Key Points Explaining Option 'A'
- Initial Statement: The paragraph begins with a general statement about the inheritance of stress effects from mother rats to their offspring, emphasizing behavioral impairments and resilience characteristics.
- Study Design: It elaborates on the methodology used in the study, detailing how female rats were divided into control, stressed, enriched, and both stressed and enriched groups, which establishes the framework for the investigation.
- Findings: The paragraph presents the main findings of the study, indicating that early maternal treatment significantly impacts offspring behavior, including reduced social interaction and improved learning abilities.
- Mitigating Factors: It further discusses how environmental enrichment provided to the mothers and offspring can mitigate some of the negative effects, showcasing the potential for intervention.
- Conclusion: Finally, the paragraph concludes with the researchers' implications regarding the potential for therapeutic interventions to modify the inheritance of adverse effects, reinforcing the importance of timely interventions.
Overall Structure
- The paragraph is methodically structured: it starts with a hypothesis, follows with a detailed exploration through the study’s design and findings, and culminates in an insightful conclusion. This logical flow aligns well with option 'A', making it the most accurate choice.
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Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
Question Description
Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2024 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CLAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CLAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice Rats exposed to stress during early development inherit the effects of that stress to their offspring, largely expressed in behavior impairments but also characteristics of resilience. Providing environmental enrichment to the future mother rats had a remedial role on some of the negative effects.The researchers studied 40 female rats weaned at 27 days of age. One group of these females -- the control group -- was then raised normally in individual cages; the second group was exposed to different stressors; the third was enriched; and the fourth group was both stressed and enriched. The matured rats were mated at 60 days, had normal pregnancies and births, and their offspring pups were divided into two groups -- one raised normally, and the other raised in an enriched environment, so that the effect of "therapy" on the next generation could also be evaluated. The offspring groups were then evaluated with respect to social interaction, anxiety levels, ability to learn and capacity to cope with fear.The study's main findings showed that the early treatment of the mothers impacted their offspring behavior. Stress to the mothers reduced social interaction in their offspring, but improved their ability to learn to avoid distress. Male offspring were also better at coping with fear. ##Some of these changes were mitigated by enrichment to the mothers, so that stressed the mothers and then providing them with a "therapeutic" (enriched) environment, prevented some, but not all, of the effects in the next generation.## Providing enrichment to the offspring also offset some of the inherited effects.According to the researchers, their study, with other evidence, suggests that evolution equipped the parent generation to sample its environment, and then, possibly via heritable epigenetic changes, to prepare the next generation to better cope with this environment, it is important to investigate whether stressful experiences at a young age affect the next generation, and whether therapeutic experiences can minimize the trans-generational effects in humans too. As study shows that the inheritance of the effects of adversity can be modified by timely intervention, this may have important educational and therapeutic implications.Q. Which of the following best explains the organization of the paragraph?a)A statement is made, which is studied in different criteria and finally concluded.b)Introduces information that is contradicted by information in the last paragraph.c)Shows the chain of reasoning that led to the conclusions contradicting a specific study.d)Demonstrates multiple explanatory factors offered, two may be of equal significance.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer? tests, examples and also practice CLAT tests.
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