Answer:

The correct answer is option 'A', Parallels of latitudes.

Parallels of Latitudes:
- Parallels of latitudes are imaginary circles that run parallel to the equator.
- They are called parallels because they are always equidistant from each other.
- These circles are formed by drawing imaginary lines around the Earth, parallel to the equator, at different latitudes.
- The equator itself is also a parallel of latitude.

Parallel Circles:
- Parallel circles are circles that are parallel to each other.
- In the context of Earth's geography, parallel circles are the circles formed by the parallels of latitudes.
- These circles start from the equator and extend all the way up to the poles.
- Since these circles are parallel to each other, they maintain an equal distance from each other throughout their length.

Equator:
- The equator is an imaginary circle that lies midway between the North and South poles.
- It is the starting point for measuring latitudes.
- The equator divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
- It is also the longest parallel of latitude.

Importance of Parallels of Latitudes:
- Parallels of latitudes are important for navigation and identifying specific locations on Earth.
- They help in determining the position of a place relative to the equator and the poles.
- The latitudes are measured in degrees, with the equator being at 0 degrees and the poles at 90 degrees.

In conclusion, all parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. They are imaginary circles that run parallel to the equator and help in determining the position of a place on Earth.