5. How we can make political reforms in democracy.

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Answer

Devising ways and means for political reforms in India.A. (i) One way is legal reform, making new laws to ban undesirable things. (ii) But legal-constitutional changes cannot overcome challenges to democracy. (iii) The reforms have to be carried out mainly by political activists, parties, movements and politically conscious citizens.B. Legal changes sometimes have a counter-productive result. But laws which empower people to carry out democratic reforms are best, e.g. the Right to Information Act. C. Democratic reforms are spread or brought about through political practice. Main focus of political reforms is strengthening democracy.D. While proposing a political reform, one should be very clear about who will implement it and how. Political parties and MPs will never vote for a legislation that is against their interests.

Answer

1.making mandatory that 1/3rd reservation will go for women representative. 2. Make member registors .

Answer

Introduction:

Political reforms in a democracy are essential to ensure the system remains responsive, accountable, and representative of the people's will. These reforms aim to address the shortcomings, enhance the effectiveness of democratic institutions, and safeguard the principles of fairness, transparency, and good governance. There are several ways to initiate and implement political reforms, which can be broadly categorized into institutional and societal approaches.

Institutional Approaches:

1. Electoral Reforms: Enhancing the electoral process is crucial for a well-functioning democracy. This can include measures such as:

- Strengthening the independence and impartiality of electoral management bodies.
- Introducing mechanisms to prevent electoral fraud and ensure fair competition.
- Enhancing voter education and engagement to increase voter turnout and participation.
- Exploring alternative voting systems, such as proportional representation, to ensure greater representation of diverse political voices.

2. Transparency and Accountability: To prevent corruption and promote good governance, it is essential to establish robust mechanisms for transparency and accountability. This can involve:

- Implementing laws and regulations that ensure financial transparency of political parties and candidates.
- Strengthening anti-corruption bodies to investigate and prosecute cases of political corruption.
- Encouraging the use of technology, such as e-governance platforms, to enhance transparency and citizen participation in decision-making processes.
- Establishing independent ombudsman institutions to address grievances and protect citizens' rights.

3. Judicial Reforms: An independent and impartial judiciary is vital for upholding the rule of law and protecting citizens' rights. Key reforms may include:

- Strengthening judicial independence by insulating the judiciary from political interference.
- Enhancing the efficiency and accessibility of the judicial system to ensure timely justice.
- Promoting legal literacy and awareness among citizens to empower them to seek legal recourse.
- Implementing mechanisms for judicial accountability to address misconduct and corruption within the judiciary.

Societal Approaches:

1. Civic Education: Educating citizens about their rights, responsibilities, and the functioning of democratic institutions is crucial for an informed and engaged citizenry. This can involve:

- Integrating civic education into school curricula to instill democratic values from an early age.
- Conducting public awareness campaigns and workshops to educate citizens about their rights and how to engage in the political process.
- Encouraging civil society organizations to promote civic education and facilitate citizen participation.

2. Citizen Engagement: Active citizen participation is essential for a vibrant democracy. Reforms in this area may include:

- Creating platforms for citizen consultation and involvement in policy-making processes.
- Encouraging citizen-led initiatives and community-driven development projects.
- Facilitating public debates, town hall meetings, and open forums where citizens can express their concerns and contribute to the political discourse.

3. Media Freedom: A free and independent media plays a critical role in promoting political reforms and holding those in power accountable. Reforms in this area may include:

- Safeguarding media freedom by enacting laws that protect journalists from harassment and censorship.
- Encouraging investigative journalism to expose corruption and malpractices.
- Promoting media literacy among citizens to enable them to critically evaluate information and media content.

Conclusion:

Political reforms in a democracy are essential for ensuring the system remains responsive, accountable, and representative. By

Answer

DNA is found inside the  thread like structure which is known as chromosome further as we know that chromosome is found inside the nucleus of the cell.The function of DNA is to carry the Heridatory information from parent to successive child.*Heridatory information are those characters of human being like growth, color of skin ,eye ,behavior that transfer from one generation to another generation

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