Reason for the Birsa movement

The Birsa movement, also known as the Ulgulan movement, was a tribal uprising that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the present-day Jharkhand region of India. It was led by Birsa Munda, a tribal leader who fought against the injustices and oppressions faced by the tribal communities under British colonial rule. The movement was primarily a response to the exploitation of the tribal people and their land by the British administration and other external forces.

Land policies of Britishers
The land policies implemented by the British administration were one of the key reasons for the Birsa movement. The British introduced various land laws that resulted in the dispossession of tribal lands. The tribals, who had traditionally relied on their land for sustenance, were forced to work as laborers on their own ancestral lands or migrate to find livelihood options. This loss of land and economic independence led to widespread dissatisfaction and resentment among the tribal communities.

Suppressions by moneylenders
Moneylenders played a significant role in exploiting the tribal communities. They would often lend money at exorbitant interest rates, trapping the tribal people in a cycle of debt bondage. The moneylenders would seize their land and other assets if the loans could not be repaid, further exacerbating the economic hardships faced by the tribals. The Birsa movement sought to resist these exploitative practices and bring justice to the tribal communities.

Forceful recruitment in the army
The activities of the British administration, including forceful recruitment of tribal people into the army, were also one of the reasons for the Birsa movement. The tribals were often forcibly taken away from their homes and families and sent to fight in distant wars. This disrupted their traditional way of life and caused immense resentment among the tribal communities. The movement aimed to resist such forced recruitment and protect the rights and freedoms of the tribal people.

Activities of missionaries
The activities of Christian missionaries in the tribal areas also played a role in the Birsa movement. The missionaries sought to convert the tribal people to Christianity, which was seen as a threat to their traditional beliefs and way of life. The movement aimed to preserve the cultural and religious practices of the tribal communities and resist the influence of the missionaries.

In conclusion, the correct answer is option 'C' - Forceful recruitment in the army. This reason is not associated with the Birsa movement. The movement primarily emerged as a response to the exploitative land policies of the British, suppressions by moneylenders, and the activities of missionaries.