The correct answer is option 'B' - Swadeshi Movement.

Explanation:
The partition of Bengal in 1905 was a major event in the Indian nationalist movement. It was a British administrative decision to divide the Bengal province into two separate entities - Bengal and East Bengal and Assam. The main objective behind this partition was to weaken the growing nationalist movement in Bengal.

I. Background of the Partition of Bengal:
- The British believed that a divided Bengal would weaken the Bengali-dominated nationalist movement and ensure a Hindu-Muslim divide.
- The partition was also aimed at curbing the rising demands for self-governance and swaraj (self-rule) in Bengal.

II. Swadeshi Movement:
The Swadeshi Movement was an immediate response to the partition of Bengal. It was a significant phase in the Indian nationalist movement and marked a new chapter in the struggle for independence. The movement had the following key features:

1. Boycott of British Goods:
- The partition of Bengal was met with widespread protests and anger among the Indian population, particularly in Bengal.
- The Swadeshi Movement called for the boycott of British goods and the promotion of Indian-made products as a means to protest against the partition and to promote self-reliance.
- People started using indigenous products and boycotted British textiles, clothes, and other goods.

2. Promotion of Indian Industries:
- The Swadeshi Movement aimed to revive and promote Indian industries and craftsmanship.
- People were encouraged to start using hand-spun and hand-woven khadi (homespun cloth) instead of British textiles.
- The movement led to the establishment of several swadeshi mills and factories.

3. National Education:
- The Swadeshi Movement emphasized the importance of national education and the promotion of Indian culture.
- Educational institutions were urged to include nationalist teachings and promote the Indian heritage.
- The movement encouraged the establishment of national schools and colleges.

III. Impact of the Swadeshi Movement:
- The Swadeshi Movement played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses and creating a sense of national unity and identity.
- It brought together people from different religions and castes under the common goal of opposing British imperialism.
- The movement led to the emergence of several prominent leaders like Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bipin Chandra Pal, who played a significant role in the future nationalist movements.

IV. Conclusion:
The Swadeshi Movement emerged as the immediate response to the partition of Bengal. It was a mass movement that aimed to boycott British goods, promote indigenous industries, and strengthen national consciousness. The movement laid the foundation for future nationalist movements and played a crucial role in the struggle for independence.