Sex ratio refers to the number of females per 1000 males in a population. In 1961, India conducted its first census after independence, and the sex ratio at that time was 941 females per 1000 males.

Factors affecting sex ratio
Several factors can affect the sex ratio of a population. Some of them are:

1. Cultural practices: In certain cultures, there is a preference for male children over female children. This can lead to female infanticide and sex-selective abortions.

2. Economic factors: In some societies, having a son is seen as an economic advantage as he can help with farm work or run the family business. Hence, families may prefer to have male children.

3. Education: Education can play a significant role in improving the sex ratio. Educated individuals are more likely to value gender equality and are less likely to discriminate against female children.

4. Government policies: Governments can implement policies to promote gender equality and reduce discrimination against female children.

Impact of sex ratio on society
The sex ratio of a population can have a significant impact on society. A skewed sex ratio can lead to several issues, such as:

1. Increased violence against women: In societies where there are fewer women, women may be seen as a commodity, leading to an increase in violence against them.

2. Lack of marriage opportunities: A skewed sex ratio can result in a lack of marriage opportunities for men, leading to social unrest.

3. Demographic imbalances: A skewed sex ratio can lead to a demographic imbalance, which can have economic and social consequences.

In conclusion, the sex ratio in India in 1961 was 941 females per 1000 males. The sex ratio is an essential indicator of the status of women in a society and can have significant social and economic consequences. Efforts should be made to promote gender equality and reduce discrimination against women to ensure a balanced sex ratio.