2π bonds [1coordinate(due to back bonding) & 1covalent] and 1 sigma

Understanding Carbon Monoxide Structure
Carbon monoxide (CO) consists of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. The molecular structure of CO is crucial for understanding its bonding characteristics.
Types of Bonds in Carbon Monoxide
- Sigma Bonds:
- A sigma bond is formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals.
- In carbon monoxide, there is one sigma bond formed between the carbon and oxygen atoms. This bond is primarily formed by the overlap of the carbon's sp hybrid orbital with the oxygen's sp hybrid orbital.
- Pi Bonds:
- A pi bond is formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.
- In CO, there is one pi bond formed due to the side-to-side overlap of the remaining unhybridized p orbital of carbon and the unhybridized p orbital of oxygen.
Total Bonds in Carbon Monoxide
- Total Number of Bonds:
- Carbon monoxide contains one sigma bond and one pi bond.
- This results in a triple bond overall: one sigma and two pi bonds, which stabilize the molecule.
Bonding Characteristics
- Strength of Bonds:
- The triple bond in carbon monoxide is strong, making CO a stable and relatively unreactive molecule under normal conditions.
- Molecular Geometry:
- The linear geometry of CO is a result of the triple bond, with a bond angle of 180 degrees.
In summary, carbon monoxide features one sigma bond and one pi bond, combining to create a strong triple bond that contributes to its unique chemical properties.