Introduction:
Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch are two prominent non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that work towards promoting and protecting human rights globally. While both organizations share a common goal, there are several key differences that set them apart.

Differences between Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch:

1. Approach:
- Amnesty International primarily focuses on conducting research and advocating for human rights through campaigns, lobbying, and public pressure.
- Human Rights Watch, on the other hand, emphasizes on investigative journalism and documentation of human rights abuses. They gather evidence to expose violations and seek justice through legal means.

2. Structure:
- Amnesty International operates as a decentralized organization with various national and regional offices. It has a membership-based structure and relies heavily on volunteer activists.
- Human Rights Watch has a centralized structure and maintains a professional staff of researchers, lawyers, and advocates. It has offices in multiple countries and collaborates with local partners.

3. Scope:
- Amnesty International covers a wide range of human rights issues, including civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. They address issues like torture, death penalty, freedom of expression, and women's rights.
- Human Rights Watch focuses primarily on civil and political rights violations, such as government repression, impunity, armed conflicts, and discrimination. They also address issues related to refugees, children's rights, and humanitarian crises.

4. Advocacy vs Documentation:
- Amnesty International often engages in high-profile advocacy campaigns, mobilizing public support and lobbying governments and international organizations. They aim to bring about policy and legislative changes.
- Human Rights Watch places significant emphasis on documenting human rights abuses through fieldwork, interviews, and investigative research. They produce detailed reports and use evidence-based advocacy to press for accountability.

5. Research Methodologies:
- Amnesty International conducts research through a combination of field investigations, testimonies, and open-source data. They prioritize confidentiality and protect the identity of individuals at risk.
- Human Rights Watch employs similar research methodologies but places a greater emphasis on investigative journalism. Their researchers often conduct interviews on the ground, interact with local communities, and document violations firsthand.

Conclusion:
While both Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch work towards the promotion and protection of human rights, they have distinct approaches, structures, scopes, and methodologies. Understanding these differences helps in recognizing the unique contributions and strengths of each organization in the fight for human rights.