The correct answer is c) Warren Hastings.

Warren Hastings, an important figure in the history of British India, served as the first Governor-General of Bengal from 1772 to 1785. During his tenure, he made significant contributions to the administration, education, and cultural development of Bengal.

One of his notable initiatives was the establishment of a madrasa in Calcutta in 1781. A madrasa is an Islamic educational institution where subjects like Arabic, Persian, and Islamic studies are taught. This move was part of Hastings' efforts to promote the study of oriental languages and literature in Bengal.

Warren Hastings' decision to set up a madrasa in Calcutta was driven by several factors:

1. Cultural Exchange: Hastings recognized the importance of fostering cultural exchange between the British colonial administration and the local population. By setting up a madrasa, he aimed to facilitate the study of Arabic and Persian languages, which were widely spoken and used in the region. This would allow for a better understanding of local customs, traditions, and literature.

2. Promoting Oriental Studies: Hastings believed in the significance of oriental languages and literature, which played a crucial role in the cultural and intellectual life of the Indian subcontinent. By establishing a madrasa, he aimed to encourage the study of Arabic and Persian, which were considered important languages for understanding the region's history, religion, and literature.

3. Strengthening Administration: The establishment of a madrasa also had administrative implications. It helped the British colonial administration to recruit individuals proficient in Arabic and Persian languages for various administrative roles. This would enable efficient communication and interaction with the local population, especially in matters related to law, governance, and diplomacy.

In conclusion, Warren Hastings set up a madrasa in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Arabic and Persian languages, facilitate cultural exchange, promote oriental studies, and strengthen the administration of British Bengal.