According to the Tamil Sangam texts -

Vellalar were the large landowners.

Uzahavars were ordinary ploughmen.

Adimai and Kadaisiyar were landless laborers.

Gahapatis or Grihapati were small landowners.

Dasa Karmakaras were slaves who worked under the Gahapatis.

Gram-bhojakas were village headmen.

Of "Sangam" referred to an assembly or gathering of Tamil poets and scholars. These gatherings were held to promote literary and intellectual endeavors. The Sangam Age is a period in ancient Tamil history that is believed to have lasted from 300 BCE to 300 CE. It is characterized by the development of Tamil literature, especially poetry, and the establishment of a formal literary tradition.

The Sangam Age is divided into three periods or Sangams: the First Sangam, the Second Sangam, and the Third Sangam. The exact details and historical accuracy of these periods are debated, but they are considered crucial in the development of Tamil literature. The poets who participated in the Sangam assemblies composed poems on various themes, including love, war, nature, and social life.

The Sangam literature is known for its distinctive style and content. It includes two major categories of works: Ettuthogai (Eight Anthologies) and Pattupattu (Ten Idylls). These works provide insights into the social, cultural, and political aspects of ancient Tamil society. They also reflect the values, beliefs, and aspirations of the people of that time.

The Sangam Age was also a period of political and social stability in Tamil Nadu. The Tamil kingdoms, known as "Muvendar," were ruled by three major dynasties: the Chera, Chola, and Pandya. These dynasties engaged in trade, warfare, and diplomacy with neighboring kingdoms and empires.

Overall, the Sangam Age was a time of great literary and cultural achievements in Tamil history. The Sangam assemblies played a significant role in fostering the growth of Tamil literature and promoting intellectual pursuits. The works produced during this period continue to be cherished and studied for their artistic and historical value.