With reference to the Indian Universities Act of 1904, consider the fo...
In September 1901, Lord Curzon summoned the highest educational officers of the Government throughout India and representatives of universities at a round table conference at Simla. The Conference opened with a speech by the Viceroy in which he surveyed the whole field of education in India. This was followed by the appointment of a Commission under the presidency of Sir Thomas Raleigh on 27 January 1902 to enquire into the condition and prospects of universities in India and to recommend proposals for improving their constitution and working. Evidently, the Commission was precluded from reporting on primary or secondary education. As a result of the report of the recommendations of the Commission the Indian Universities Act was passed in 1904. The main objective of the Act was to improve the condition of education in India and upgrade the system to a better level. Hence statement 1 is correct.
Main Provisions of Indian Universities Act, 1904
- The Indian Universities Act, 1904 laid down that the number of Fellows of a university shall not be less than fifty or more than a hundred and a Fellow should normally hold office for a period of six years instead of for life.
- The Indian Universities Act, 1904 introduced the principle of election in the constitution of the Senate. According to this Act., 20 fellows are to be elected in the Universities of Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay and 15 in other Universities.
- The rules in regard to granting recognition were made more strict. In order to raise the standards of education, the Syndicate could call for the inspection of colleges imparting higher education. The private colleges were required to keep a proper standard of efficiency. The Government approval was necessary for grant of affiliation or disaffiliation of colleges. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
- The Government reserved the right to make amendments and reforms and give approval to the rules framed by the Senates of the University and also it can frame regulations itself if the Senate fails to frame these regulations in time.
- Hence, The Government's control over the universities was further increased by vesting the government with powers to veto the regulations passed by the Senate of a university. The Government could also make additions or alterations in the regulations framed by the Senate and even frame regulations itself over and above the head of the Senate.
With reference to the Indian Universities Act of 1904, consider the fo...
The correct answer is option 'A': 1 only.
Explanation:
The Indian Universities Act of 1904 played a significant role in shaping the education system in India during the colonial period. Let's analyze each statement to understand why statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect:
1. The act was passed on the recommendations of the Raleigh Commission:
The Raleigh Commission, also known as the Indian Universities Commission, was appointed in 1902 to review the state of higher education in India. The commission, headed by Sir Thomas Raleigh, submitted its report in 1903, which provided recommendations for reforming the Indian education system. Based on these recommendations, the Indian Universities Act of 1904 was passed. Therefore, statement 1 is correct.
2. The act relaxed the conditions of affiliation of private colleges so as to promote research in India:
This statement is incorrect. The Indian Universities Act of 1904 did not specifically focus on promoting research in India or relax the conditions of affiliation for private colleges. In fact, the act primarily aimed to centralize control over universities and strengthen the authority of the government. It introduced provisions for the appointment of government nominees in university bodies, increased government control over university finances, and established a hierarchical system of governance. The act focused on regulating the functioning of universities rather than promoting research. Therefore, statement 2 is incorrect.
In conclusion, only statement 1 is correct. The Indian Universities Act of 1904 was passed on the recommendations of the Raleigh Commission, but it did not relax the conditions of affiliation for private colleges to promote research in India.
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