Antibiotics are medicines which are made by some microorganisms like bacteria and fungi used to kill other microorganism that cause disease

What are Antibiotics?
Antibiotics are powerful medications used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either killing bacteria or inhibiting their growth, thus helping the body to fight off infections.
Types of Antibiotics
- Bactericidal Antibiotics: These kill bacteria directly. Examples include penicillin and cephalosporins.
- Bacteriostatic Antibiotics: These inhibit bacterial growth, allowing the immune system to eliminate the infection. Examples include tetracyclines and sulfonamides.
Mechanism of Action
- Cell Wall Inhibition: Some antibiotics prevent bacteria from forming their protective cell walls, leading to cell lysis.
- Protein Synthesis Inhibition: Others interfere with the bacteria’s ability to produce proteins necessary for their survival and reproduction.
- Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibition: Certain antibiotics disrupt the synthesis of DNA and RNA, preventing bacterial replication.
Common Uses
- Respiratory Infections: Such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
- Skin Infections: Including cellulitis and abscesses.
- Urinary Tract Infections: Often caused by E. coli.
Resistance Issues
- Antibiotic Resistance: Overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the emergence of resistant bacterial strains, making infections harder to treat.
- Importance of Stewardship: It is crucial to use antibiotics responsibly to preserve their effectiveness.
Conclusion
Antibiotics are essential for treating bacterial infections, but their effectiveness is threatened by resistance. Understanding their use and mechanisms can help in better management and prevention of infections. For more information on this topic, visit EduRev.