Chau-Ju-Kau, the Chinese author of the early thirteenth century, left an important account on the Chola dynasty. The Chola dynasty was one of the longest-ruling dynasties in the history of southern India. Let's delve into the details to understand why the correct answer is option 'A' - Chola dynasty.

The Chola Dynasty:
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The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty that ruled over a significant part of southern India between the 9th and 13th centuries CE. It is known for its achievements in the fields of art, architecture, trade, and administration. The Cholas were great maritime traders and had extensive connections with Southeast Asian kingdoms.

Chau-Ju-Kau's Account:
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Chau-Ju-Kau, being a Chinese author, wrote about various aspects of the Chola dynasty, providing valuable insights into their culture, society, and governance. His account is a significant source of information for historians studying the Chola dynasty.

Importance of Chau-Ju-Kau's Account:
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1. Cross-cultural Exchange: Chau-Ju-Kau's writings highlight the extensive maritime trade between China and the Chola dynasty. This exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural influences played a crucial role in shaping the history of both regions.

2. Administrative Systems: Chau-Ju-Kau's account sheds light on the administrative systems of the Chola dynasty. The Cholas had a well-organized bureaucracy that ensured efficient governance and revenue collection. Chau-Ju-Kau's observations provide valuable insights into the functioning of this system.

3. Architecture and Sculpture: The Chola dynasty is renowned for its magnificent temples and sculptures. Chau-Ju-Kau's writings describe the grandeur and architectural brilliance of the Chola temples, providing a deeper understanding of their artistic and cultural significance.

4. Social and Cultural Life: Chau-Ju-Kau's account offers glimpses into the social and cultural life of the Chola dynasty. It provides information about their customs, rituals, festivals, and social hierarchy. This helps in understanding the society's structure and the daily lives of the people during that period.

Conclusion:
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Chau-Ju-Kau's account on the Chola dynasty is highly valuable for understanding the history, culture, and administration of this influential dynasty. It provides a unique perspective from a contemporary Chinese author, highlighting the cross-cultural exchanges between China and the Chola dynasty. By studying Chau-Ju-Kau's writings, historians can gain deeper insights into the achievements and legacy of the Chola dynasty.