Dyarchy was first introduced under Mont-Ford Reforms.

The Mont-Ford Reforms, also known as the Government of India Act 1919, were introduced by the British government in response to growing demands for political reforms in India. These reforms marked a significant shift in the governance of India and introduced the concept of dyarchy.

Definition of Dyarchy:
Dyarchy is a system of dual government in which certain areas of governance are divided between two separate authorities. In the context of the Mont-Ford Reforms, it referred to the division of powers between the provincial governments and the central government.

Introduction of Dyarchy:
The Mont-Ford Reforms introduced the concept of dyarchy in the provincial governments of British India. The provinces were divided into two categories: the "transferred" subjects and the "reserved" subjects.

- Transferred Subjects: The transferred subjects were those over which the provincial governments had full control and authority. They included areas like education, agriculture, public health, and local government. The ministers responsible for these subjects were elected by the provincial legislative councils.

- Reserved Subjects: The reserved subjects were those over which the central government retained control. These subjects included defense, finance, foreign affairs, and communication. The ministers responsible for these subjects were appointed by the Governor-General and were not accountable to the provincial legislative councils.

Working of Dyarchy:
Under the dyarchy system, the provincial governments were responsible for the day-to-day administration of the transferred subjects, while the central government retained control over the reserved subjects. This division of powers aimed to involve Indians in the governance process and provide them with some degree of autonomy.

However, in practice, the dyarchy system faced several challenges. The reserved subjects, which were crucial for governance and decision-making, remained under the control of the central government. This limited the effectiveness of the provincial governments and created a power imbalance.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, dyarchy was first introduced under the Mont-Ford Reforms as a way to grant some degree of self-governance to the provinces in British India. However, the system had its limitations and was eventually replaced by more comprehensive reforms with the passing of the Government of India Act 1935.