The coping strategies given by Endler and Parker

Endler and Parker proposed a classification of coping strategies based on their research on stress and coping. They identified three main types of coping strategies: avoidance-oriented, task-oriented, and emotion-oriented.

A. Avoidance-oriented coping strategies

- Avoidance-oriented coping strategies involve trying to avoid or escape from the source of stress. These strategies may provide temporary relief, but they do not address the underlying problem. Examples of avoidance-oriented coping strategies include:
- Denial: Ignoring or minimizing the existence of the stressor.
- Distraction: Engaging in activities or behaviors that divert attention away from the stressor.
- Substance use: Using drugs or alcohol to numb or escape from the stressor.

B. Task-oriented coping strategies

- Task-oriented coping strategies involve taking direct action to solve the problem or manage the stressor. These strategies focus on actively dealing with the situation. Examples of task-oriented coping strategies include:
- Problem-solving: Identifying the problem, generating possible solutions, and taking steps to implement the best solution.
- Time management: Planning and organizing tasks to maximize efficiency and reduce stress.
- Seeking social support: Reaching out to others for advice, guidance, or assistance in handling the stressor.

C. Emotion-oriented coping strategies

- Emotion-oriented coping strategies involve regulating and managing one's emotional response to the stressor. These strategies focus on addressing the emotional aspects of the situation. Examples of emotion-oriented coping strategies include:
- Emotional expression: Talking about one's feelings and emotions related to the stressor.
- Relaxation techniques: Engaging in activities such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to reduce stress.
- Positive reappraisal: Reframing the situation in a more positive or optimistic light.

Why option B is the correct answer?

Option B states that the coping strategies given by Endler and Parker are avoidance-oriented, task-oriented, and emotion-oriented. This is the correct answer because Endler and Parker proposed a classification of coping strategies that encompasses all three types of coping strategies. It is important to note that individuals may use a combination of coping strategies depending on the context and their personal preferences.