The Oceanic relief feature is regarded as part of the continent submer...
- Continental Shelf: Continental Shelf is the gently sloping seaward extension of the continental plate. The Continental Shelf of all oceans together covers 7.5% of the total area of the oceans. The gradient of the continental shelf is 1° or even less. The shelf typically ends at a very steep slope, called the shelf break. The continental shelves are covered with variable thicknesses of sediments brought down by rivers, glaciers, etc.. They are potential sites for economic minerals [20% of the world's production of petroleum and gas comes from shelves. Polymetallic nodules (manganese nodules; concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides) etc. are good sources of various mineral ores like manganese, iron copper, gold, etc.]. They provide the richest fishing grounds in the world.
- Continental Slope: The continental slope connects the continental shelf and the ocean basins. It begins where the bottom of the continental shelf sharply drops off into a steep slope. The gradient of the slope region varies between 2-5°. The seaward edge of the continental slope loses gradient at this depth and gives rise to continental rise. The continental slope boundary indicates the end of the continents.
- Deep-Sea Plain: Deep-sea plains are gently sloping areas of the ocean basins. These are the flattest and smoothest regions of the world because of terrigenous [denoting marine sediment eroded from the land] and shallow water sediments that bury the irregular topography. It covers nearly 40% of the ocean floor. The depths vary between 3,000 and 6,000 m. These plains are covered with fine-grained sediments like clay and silt.
- Submarine Ridges: These ridges are either broad, like a plateau, gently sloping or in the form of steep-sided narrow mountains. These oceanic ridge systems are of tectonic origin and provide evidence in support of the theory of Plate Tectonics.
- Hence option (c) is the correct answer
The Oceanic relief feature is regarded as part of the continent submer...
Oceanic Relief Feature: Continental Shelf
The oceanic relief feature described in the passage is the continental shelf. The continental shelf is the gently sloping submerged part of a continent that extends from the shoreline to the continental slope. It is the shallowest part of the ocean and is characterized by its relatively flat and wide expanse.
Importance of the Continental Shelf
The continental shelf plays a vital role in several aspects, including:
1. Rich Fishing Grounds: The continental shelf is known for its bountiful fishing grounds, making it the richest fishing area in the world. The shallow waters and ample sunlight penetration promote the growth of plankton, which serves as a food source for larger fish and marine organisms.
2. Plankton Abundance: The penetration of sunlight in the shallower depths of the continental shelf promotes the growth of plankton. Plankton are tiny plants and microscopic organisms that form the base of the marine food chain. They are vital for the sustenance of numerous marine species, including fish and whales.
3. Biodiversity: The continental shelf supports a high level of biodiversity due to its favorable conditions for marine life. The rich plankton population attracts a variety of fish, crustaceans, and other marine organisms, creating a diverse and interconnected ecosystem.
4. Economic Importance: The abundant fish stocks found on the continental shelf are crucial for commercial fishing industries, providing livelihoods and economic opportunities for coastal communities. The fishing industry relies heavily on the resources and productivity of the continental shelf.
5. Coastal Protection: The continental shelf also plays a role in protecting the coastline from erosion and storm damage. The shallow waters of the shelf act as a buffer zone, reducing the force of waves and providing a natural barrier against coastal erosion.
Conclusion
The continental shelf is an essential oceanic relief feature that supports rich fishing grounds and promotes the growth of plankton and marine organisms. Its shallowness allows sunlight to penetrate, leading to a productive and diverse ecosystem. The continental shelf's importance extends to economic benefits, coastal protection, and the maintenance of overall marine biodiversity.