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The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.
The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.
Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.
But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".
The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.
In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."
However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.
Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?
  • a)
    The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.
  • b)
    The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.
  • c)
    The beneficiary must be a minor.
  • d)
    Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract pro...
Option (b) is the correct answer as with reference to the case law and the interest theory stated in the passage it can be inferred that it is the interest of the beneficiary which gives it the right to claim action and the knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.
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The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following is true with reference to the beneficiary in privity principle?

The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. X was appointed by his father as his successor and was put in possession of his entire estate. In consideration, thereof X agreed with his father to pay a certain sum on money and to give a penthouse to Z, the illegitimate son of his father, on his attaining majority. With reference to the passage decide.

The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. In England, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. With reference to the passage decide the validity of the father's claim.

The law of torts is fashioned as "an instrument to make people adhere to a conduct of reasonable behaviour and respect the rights and interests of one another." This it does by protecting interests and by providing for situations when a person whose protected interest is violated can recover compensation for the loss suffered by him from the person who has violated the same.Consequently, it has been implied that there are three constituents of tort:1. Wrongful Act: There must be a wrongful act committed by a person, that is, the defendant.2. Legal Damage: The wrongful act must give rise to legal damage to a person, that is, the plaintiff.3. Legal Remedy: The wrongful act must be of such a nature so as to give a rise to legal remedy in the form of an action for damages.An act which, prima facie, appears to be innocent may become tortuous, if it invades the legal right of another person. A simple example is that of erecting a structure on one's own land. It is completely lawful to enjoy one's own property by erecting whatever one wants to, on his land. To every right there corresponds an obligation or duty. If the right is legal, so is the duty. If the right is contingent, so is the obligation.INJURIA SINE DAMNOInjuria sine damno refers to the cases of infringement of an absolute private right without any actual loss or damage. Here the actual damage means physical loss in terms of money, comfort, health, etc. This maxim says that the infringement of certain rights is itself considered as damage and there is no need to prove that an actual damage is caused. Every person has an absolute right over his property, to the immunity of his person, and an infringement of these rights is actionable per se. Here, the law presumes damage because certain acts are so likely to result in harm owing to their mischievous tendency that law has strictly prohibited them. Under this maxim, actual or perceptible or appreciable loss or detriment is not indispensable to the foundation of an action.DAMNUM SINE INJURIADamnum sine injuria involves the cases in which there is no infringement of any right but the plaintiff has suffered actual damage. Here the actual damage means physical loss in terms of money, comfort, health, etc. In these cases, no action lies. Mere loss in money or money's worth does not, by itself, constitute a tort. The most terrible harm may be inflicted on one man by another without a legal redress being obtainable as the doer did not infringe any legal right of the sufferer. The maxim means, it can be implied, that there are no legal remedies for moral wrongs unless some rights of the victim are being violated.Q. X had been teaching at St. Xavier College since many years. His relationship with the school management became strained due to his meager salary. So he started his own school just opposite St. Xavier College owing to which the number of students taking admission in St. Xavier College reduced and they suffered huge financial loss. Can management authorities of St. Xavier College sue X for compensation?

Read the information given below and answer the questions based on it.The Trademark Act of 1999, both in letter and spirit, lays down that, while it encourages fair trade in every way and aims to foster and not to hamper competition, it also provides that no one, especially a trader, is justified in damaging or jeopardizing another’s business by fraud, deceit, trickery or unfair methods of any sort. This necessary precludes the trading by one dealer upon the good name and reputation built up by another. Passing off as an action arose as a part of tort and was very widely acknowledged in the common law countries. Passing off claims can be challenging and expensive to fight. It may be necessary to arrange market research surveys in order to demonstrate whether the claimant has a reputation in specific features of goods or services.The recognition of an infringement in various forms has garnered the required attention but passing off has yet not been able to establish a stage in the eyes of the common man and therefore it can still be seen taking place, unreported. The issues there under such as how clarity can be brought by characteristic difference between infringement and passing off has been brought to the public domain by the courts in India in a number of cases. The major hypothesis of the project is that the laws have not been able to demarcate a specific line between infringement and passing off beyond registration. Thereby leading to chaos in the common man’s mind with respect to the said. It is beneficial if combined action for infringement and passing off is brought in one suit as incorporating a plea of infringement, if the mark gets registered can always amend the plaint.Q.Which one of the following makes the best conclusion for the article?

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The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? for CLAT 2025 is part of CLAT preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the CLAT exam syllabus. Information about The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for CLAT 2025 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?.
Solutions for The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? in English & in Hindi are available as part of our courses for CLAT. Download more important topics, notes, lectures and mock test series for CLAT Exam by signing up for free.
Here you can find the meaning of The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? defined & explained in the simplest way possible. Besides giving the explanation of The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?, a detailed solution for The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? has been provided alongside types of The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer? theory, EduRev gives you an ample number of questions to practice The doctrine of privity of contract in the common law of contract provides that a contract cannot confer rights or impose obligations arising under it on any person or agent except the parties to the contract. The premise is that only parties to contracts should be able to sue to enforce their rights or claim damages in case of breach.The traditional law was very strict and third parties had no redress of any manner if they were affected. However, in modern times the doctrine of privity has been relaxed to a large extent. Now third parties can claim compensation provided he is an intended beneficiary under the contract, and infringement is proved.Though the doctrine of privity was recognised and established in the case of Tweddle v. Atkinson, its foundations had been laid by the English courts over the years, starting from as early as the end of 16th century.But in these cases, it can be seen that the Courts rather decided upon them by keeping in mind the so-called 'Interest Theory'. This theory basically meant that only he who had an interest in the promise could bring up an action before the court, or in the words of the Court, "He that hath interest in the promise shall have the action".The first recorded case of such an instance was decided upon in 1599. This was the case of Levettv Hawes.In this case, a father brought an action of assumpsit upon a promise made directly to him that marriage money would be paid to his son. The court was of the opinion that the action ought to have been brought by the son, "for the promise is made to the son's use and the ordinary covenants of marriage are with the father to stand seized to the son's use; and the use shall be changes and transferred to the son, as if it were a covenant with himself; and the damage of non-performance is thereof to the son."However later the English courts accepted the view that if a promise in a simple contract was made expressly for the benefit of a third person in such circumstances that it was intended to be enforceable by him, then the common law would enforce the promise at his instance, although he was not a party to the contract.Q. Which of the following could be logically deduced from the passage?a)The beneficiary must have the knowledge of the contract.b)The knowledge of the beneficiary is immaterial.c)The beneficiary must be a minor.d)Only the parties to the contract can enforce a contract.Correct answer is option 'B'. 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